本文選題：節(jié)點(diǎn)定位 + 模型標(biāo)定�。� 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)由大量微型傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)構(gòu)成。節(jié)點(diǎn)間通過(guò)無(wú)線通信,組成多跳、自組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)被認(rèn)為是繼電腦、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)之后的智能新興技術(shù),已經(jīng)引起了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。隨著工程科學(xué)的迅速發(fā)展,無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在國(guó)防軍事、環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、搶險(xiǎn)救災(zāi)等諸多領(lǐng)域中都有著豐富而廣泛的應(yīng)用,其中準(zhǔn)確獲取傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置信息是一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。本文主要對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的節(jié)點(diǎn)三維定位技術(shù)加以研究。雖然目前已有許多較成熟的定位算法,但絕大多數(shù)都是針對(duì)二維空間,而實(shí)際應(yīng)用如水域、空域多處于三維空間。因此,研究合適且高效的三維定位算法具有重要的理論意義及實(shí)用價(jià)值。基于此,本文針對(duì)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)三維定位進(jìn)行了深入的研究,并提出合適的算法。本文首先介紹了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)及定位相關(guān)知識(shí)和國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀,研究現(xiàn)有定位算法的基本原理,并引入了定位算法的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)；其次針對(duì)基于接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度值(Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI)測(cè)距的主要原理,對(duì)常用的路徑損耗模型加以研究,分析影響模型精度的主要因素,在建筑物內(nèi)和空曠處兩種不同環(huán)境下分別使用現(xiàn)有硬件系統(tǒng)對(duì)其進(jìn)行參數(shù)標(biāo)定,并分析傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)接收靈敏度與節(jié)點(diǎn)通信半徑之間的關(guān)系。針對(duì)三維空間內(nèi)的定位應(yīng)用,根據(jù)不同應(yīng)用環(huán)境下各自的定位要求,提出兩種有差別的基于信號(hào)強(qiáng)度值的三維加權(quán)質(zhì)心定位算法(RWC-3D),分別為通信、計(jì)算開銷極低的算法一和具有一定通信、計(jì)算量的算法二,并在算法中引入節(jié)點(diǎn)通信范圍限制。本文基于參數(shù)標(biāo)定后的路徑損耗模型,對(duì)提出的算法進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn),通過(guò)仿真結(jié)果比較并論證了算法的定位精度、可靠性及廣泛的適用范圍,并分別研究路徑損耗模型相關(guān)參數(shù)設(shè)置以及節(jié)點(diǎn)通信范圍對(duì)定位精度的影響。本文以該算法為基礎(chǔ),進(jìn)一步引入了節(jié)點(diǎn)通信半徑動(dòng)態(tài)變化和盲節(jié)點(diǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)移動(dòng)兩種修正方法,通過(guò)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)了本文提出的修正方法可進(jìn)一步提升算法定位精度和可靠性。因此,本文提出的算法和相應(yīng)的修正方法對(duì)無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)三維定位技術(shù)研究具有積極的意義。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN) is composed of a large number of micro sensor nodes. Through wireless communication between nodes, a multi-hop, self-organizing network system is formed. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is regarded as a new intelligent technology after computer and Internet, which has attracted more and more attention. With the rapid development of engineering science, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used in many fields, such as national defense, environment monitoring, emergency rescue and disaster relief, among which accurate location information of sensor nodes is a key technology. In this paper, the three-dimensional location technology of nodes in wireless sensor networks is studied. Although there are many mature localization algorithms, most of them are aimed at two-dimensional space, but in practical applications such as water area, the spatial space is mostly in three-dimensional space. Therefore, it is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study an appropriate and efficient 3D localization algorithm. Based on this, this paper makes a deep research on sensor node 3D location, and proposes an appropriate algorithm. Firstly, this paper introduces the related knowledge of wireless sensor network and location and the research status at home and abroad, studies the basic principle of the existing localization algorithm, and introduces the evaluation index of the location algorithm. Secondly, according to the principle of received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI) ranging based on the received signal strength, the common path loss model is studied, and the main factors that affect the accuracy of the model are analyzed. The existing hardware system is used to calibrate the parameters in two different environments in the building and open space, and the relationship between the sensitivity of the sensor node and the communication radius of the sensor node is analyzed. According to the localization requirements of different application environments, two different 3D weighted centroid localization algorithms based on signal intensity are proposed, which are communication. The algorithm with very low computational overhead and algorithm 2 with certain communication and computational complexity are introduced into the algorithm to limit the range of communication between nodes. Based on the path loss model after parameter calibration, the proposed algorithm is simulated in this paper. The accuracy, reliability and wide application range of the algorithm are compared and demonstrated by the simulation results. The influence of the parameter setting of the path loss model and the communication range of the node on the location accuracy is studied respectively. On the basis of this algorithm, this paper further introduces two kinds of correction methods: the dynamic change of node communication radius and the dynamic movement of blind node. The simulation results show that the proposed method can further improve the accuracy and reliability of the algorithm. Therefore, the proposed algorithm and the corresponding correction method have a positive significance for the research of 3D location technology of wireless sensor network nodes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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本文編號(hào)：1872688