本文選題：激光雷達(dá) + 相干測(cè)風(fēng)系統(tǒng)�。� 參考：《北京理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：激光雷達(dá)是一種通過(guò)對(duì)目標(biāo)反射或者散射的回波信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析來(lái)反演目標(biāo)特性的光學(xué)遙感技術(shù)，從激光回波中反演可以得到的信息包括光強(qiáng)、頻率、相位、偏振及目標(biāo)距離等多種。隨著超短脈沖激光技術(shù)、高靈敏度的信號(hào)探測(cè)和高速數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用，激光雷達(dá)以它較高的時(shí)空分辨率、較大的探測(cè)范圍和較快的測(cè)量速度而逐漸成為一種重要的探測(cè)工具，目前已在很多領(lǐng)域得到應(yīng)用。 論文主要針對(duì)用于微弱信號(hào)探測(cè)激光雷達(dá)的光機(jī)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)及優(yōu)化而開(kāi)展研究。論文的主要內(nèi)容可分為兩個(gè)部分：一是針對(duì)星載的相干測(cè)風(fēng)激光雷達(dá)，給出了系統(tǒng)光學(xué)參數(shù)的優(yōu)化方案，以信噪比為基礎(chǔ)分析計(jì)算了一套400km軌道星載相干測(cè)風(fēng)激光雷達(dá)所需要的光學(xué)參數(shù)，完成了光學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)和仿真，并給出了一種機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方案；二是通過(guò)開(kāi)展基于ICCD選通的激光誘導(dǎo)熒光雷達(dá)的新技術(shù)研究論證，課題組開(kāi)發(fā)了一套綜合技術(shù)指標(biāo)在國(guó)內(nèi)外具有先進(jìn)性的激光誘導(dǎo)熒光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)，在本論文中主要完成了熒光光譜儀的設(shè)計(jì)和開(kāi)發(fā)，在290nm-650nm熒光光譜范圍內(nèi)解決了雙波長(zhǎng)探測(cè)模式下的彈性散射太強(qiáng)而無(wú)法探測(cè)熒光及多級(jí)衍射光譜相重合的問(wèn)題。 論文完成的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新性的工作如下： 1)在星載相干測(cè)風(fēng)激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)中，提出了采用雙望遠(yuǎn)鏡的探測(cè)模式。針對(duì)用于單望遠(yuǎn)鏡探測(cè)的大口徑掃描光楔材料難以獲取且價(jià)格昂貴、光學(xué)精度不高且掃描要求功率大的缺陷，提出采用雙望遠(yuǎn)鏡的探測(cè)模式，并在該探測(cè)模式下，以高斯模型為基礎(chǔ)推導(dǎo)了系統(tǒng)效率、外差效率及信噪比等重要指標(biāo)的表達(dá)式，得到了適用于不同軌道高度的望遠(yuǎn)鏡口徑、發(fā)散角、截?cái)啾鹊戎匾墓鈱W(xué)參數(shù)。 2)在星載相干測(cè)風(fēng)激光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中，提出采用單模光纖作為中繼部件對(duì)本振光及信號(hào)進(jìn)行傳輸。針對(duì)自由空間的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)對(duì)準(zhǔn)困難及基于星載平臺(tái)的測(cè)風(fēng)系統(tǒng)難于后續(xù)維護(hù)等難題，在系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中采用單模光纖作為中繼部件對(duì)本振光及信號(hào)進(jìn)行傳輸，實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于自由空間和基于光纖的相干測(cè)風(fēng)雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)外差效率理論的統(tǒng)一，并對(duì)光纖耦合的F數(shù)進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化計(jì)算。除此之外，在論文中還針對(duì)星載系統(tǒng)特有的光波往返探測(cè)系統(tǒng)及地表導(dǎo)致的滯后角問(wèn)題，提出了滯后角補(bǔ)償器的設(shè)計(jì)方案。 3)在滿足1/10λ@2μm波前差的要求下，設(shè)計(jì)了用于400km軌道星載相干測(cè)風(fēng)雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的500mm口徑離軸望遠(yuǎn)鏡及其他的光學(xué)部件。根據(jù)優(yōu)化得到的光學(xué)參數(shù)，在滿足1/10λ@2μm波前差的要求下，對(duì)用于400km軌道星載相干測(cè)風(fēng)雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的光學(xué)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了研究，設(shè)計(jì)了500mm口徑離軸且無(wú)內(nèi)部焦點(diǎn)的望遠(yuǎn)鏡、對(duì)應(yīng)的擴(kuò)束器及耦合鏡，給出了輕量化的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)方案，并對(duì)系統(tǒng)的體積、重量、總的系統(tǒng)效率等參數(shù)進(jìn)行了仿真和計(jì)算。 4)針對(duì)激光誘導(dǎo)熒光雷達(dá)微弱信號(hào)采集，設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了中心分辨率1.6nm，邊緣分辨率2.5nm，，能夠消除彈性后向散射光的的熒光光譜儀。根據(jù)熒光具有的壽命短、強(qiáng)度低、對(duì)探測(cè)波長(zhǎng)敏感等特點(diǎn)，提出了采用ICCD進(jìn)行選通探測(cè)的技術(shù)方案；而為了能夠得到更多的熒光信息，設(shè)計(jì)采用266nm和355nm雙波長(zhǎng)激光進(jìn)行熒光激發(fā)，并開(kāi)發(fā)出了針對(duì)特定ICCD形狀、特定光譜波段(290nm-650nm)并能夠消除彈性后向散射光的熒光光譜儀。根據(jù)實(shí)際的組裝測(cè)試結(jié)果，該熒光光譜儀中心分辨率能夠達(dá)到1.6nm，邊緣能夠達(dá)到2.5nm，該光譜分辨率優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有多數(shù)同類型熒光激光雷達(dá)的分辨率，最后，還利用系統(tǒng)對(duì)幾種油質(zhì)的熒光光譜進(jìn)行了采集和處理，驗(yàn)證了此激光誘導(dǎo)熒光雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)采集物質(zhì)熒光光譜的能力。
[Abstract]:The laser radar is a kind of optical remote sensing technology for inverting the target characteristic by analyzing the echo signal reflected or scattered by the target . The information obtained from the inversion of the laser echo includes many kinds of light intensity , frequency , phase , polarization and target distance . With the development and application of ultra - short pulse laser technology , high sensitivity signal detection and high - speed data acquisition technology , the laser radar becomes an important detection tool with its high space - time resolution , larger detection range and faster measurement speed , and has been used in many fields .

The paper mainly focuses on the research on the design and optimization of the optical system of laser radar for weak signal detection . The main contents of this paper can be divided into two parts : First , the optimization scheme of the system ' s optical parameters is given , based on the signal - to - noise ratio , the optical parameters needed by a set of 400km orbit satellite - borne coherent wind lidar are calculated , and a mechanical design scheme is given .
Second , by carrying out the new technical research and demonstration of laser - induced fluorescence radar based on ICCD / COP ( ICCD ) gating , a comprehensive set of laser - induced fluorescence radar systems with advanced properties at home and abroad have been developed . In this paper , the design and development of the fluorescence spectrometer are mainly completed , and the problem that the elastic scattering in the dual - wavelength detection mode is too strong to detect the coincidence of the fluorescence and the multi - stage diffraction spectrum is solved in the range of 290nm - 650 nm .

The main innovative work accomplished in this paper is as follows :

1 ) In the satellite - borne coherent wind lidar system , a detection mode is proposed , which is difficult to acquire and expensive , low in optical precision and large in scanning requirement . The detection mode is proposed . The important indexes such as system efficiency , heterodyne efficiency and signal - to - noise ratio are derived based on Gaussian model .

2 ) In the design of the satellite - borne coherent wind lidar system , this paper proposes the use of single mode fiber as the relay component to transmit the local oscillator light and signal . In the system design , a single mode fiber is used as the relay component to transmit the local oscillation light and signal , and the F number of optical fiber coupling is optimized .

3 ) Under the requirement of 1 / 10 位 @ 2渭m wave front difference , a 500mm aperture off - axis telescope and other optical components for 400km orbit satellite - borne coherent wind - measuring radar system are designed . According to the optimized optical parameters , the optical system for 400km orbit satellite - borne coherent wind - measuring radar system is studied . A 500 mm diameter off - axis telescope with no internal focal point is designed , the corresponding beam expander and coupling mirror are designed , a light - weight mechanical design scheme is given , and the parameters such as volume , weight and total system efficiency of the system are simulated and calculated .

4 ) Aiming at the weak signal acquisition of laser - induced fluorescence radar , a fluorescence spectrometer with a center resolution of 1.6 nm and an edge resolution of 2.5 nm is designed and realized .
In order to obtain more fluorescence information , the fluorescence excitation is carried out with 266 nm and 355 nm double wavelength laser . According to the actual assembly test results , the center resolution of the fluorescence spectrometer can reach 1.6 nm , the edge can reach 2.5 nm , the spectral resolution is better than the resolution of the existing majority of the same type of fluorescent laser radar , and finally , the fluorescence spectrum of the several oils is collected and processed , and the capability of the laser - induced fluorescence spectrum of the fluorescent radar system is verified .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN958.98

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 付成群;方亮;謝立軍;王勇;;高光譜-激光共光路聯(lián)測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J];兵工學(xué)報(bào);2016年11期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 吳佳彬;基于四象限探測(cè)器的高精度激光光斑位置檢測(cè)技術(shù)研究[D];中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院(長(zhǎng)春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所);2016年

2 黨文佳;粗糙目標(biāo)對(duì)光外差探測(cè)信號(hào)的退相干效應(yīng)[D];西安電子科技大學(xué);2015年

本文編號(hào)：1861392