本文選題：無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò) + 室內(nèi)定位�。� 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：無線通信技術(shù)和電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展促使傳感器可以發(fā)展為低成本、低功耗、功能集成的傳感器節(jié)點。傳感器對信息的采集技術(shù)也從單一化模式向集成化、智能化、微型化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化方向發(fā)展,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,發(fā)展為新型信息獲取技術(shù)的代表。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成本低廉、節(jié)點部署方便、跟蹤精確可靠等特點,促進(jìn)了無線定位技術(shù)的發(fā)展。雖然室外定位技術(shù)的研究已漸趨成熟,取得了相當(dāng)卓越的成績,但是室內(nèi)定位技術(shù)的研究還處于起步階段,具有廣闊的研究和發(fā)展空間。 本文的研究工作主要包括以下四個方面： 1.設(shè)計了室內(nèi)無線定位系統(tǒng),采用具有低成本、低速率、低功耗特點的ZigBee協(xié)議組建無線通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),實現(xiàn)節(jié)點間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。 2.對定位中常用的傳播媒介和定位算法進(jìn)行了介紹與分析,根據(jù)室內(nèi)定位環(huán)境的特點與要求選擇用超聲波信號進(jìn)行距離測量并利用經(jīng)典的TOA (Time of Arrival)定位算法對目標(biāo)節(jié)點進(jìn)行定位計算。 3.在定位系統(tǒng)中,目標(biāo)節(jié)點與信標(biāo)節(jié)點間距離的精確測量是實現(xiàn)精確定位的前提。在超聲波TOF測量中,發(fā)射機(jī)與接收機(jī)之間的同步對測量精度有著較大的影響,針對時鐘漂移對超聲波TOF測量精度的影響,給出具有時鐘漂移補(bǔ)償?shù)木_超聲波TOF測量方法,并對所提出方案進(jìn)行了仿真分析,仿真結(jié)果表明測量誤差得到了明顯的抑制。 4.本文搭建了系統(tǒng)節(jié)點硬件平臺,采用TI公司推出的CC2530作為節(jié)點的微控制器與無線模塊,結(jié)合超聲波傳感器設(shè)計了符合系統(tǒng)要求的系統(tǒng)節(jié)點。并且對節(jié)點的通信性能進(jìn)行測試,實驗表明節(jié)點通信具有較高的可靠性和實時性。此外,為降低節(jié)點的功耗,采用了節(jié)點發(fā)射功率自適應(yīng)機(jī)制,并對其進(jìn)行仿真分析,結(jié)果表明節(jié)點功耗顯著降低。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of wireless communication technology and electronic technology, sensors can be developed into low-cost, low-power, functional integrated sensor nodes. Sensor information acquisition technology has also developed from a single mode to integration, intelligence, miniaturization and networking. Wireless sensor networks have emerged as the times require, and become the representative of new information acquisition technology. Wireless sensor network (WSN) has the advantages of low cost, convenient node deployment and accurate and reliable tracking, which promotes the development of wireless positioning technology. Although the research of outdoor positioning technology has gradually matured and made remarkable achievements, the research of indoor positioning technology is still in its infancy and has broad research and development space. The research work of this paper mainly includes the following four aspects: 1. The indoor wireless positioning system is designed. The wireless communication network is constructed by using the ZigBee protocol which has the characteristics of low cost, low speed and low power consumption to realize the data transmission between nodes. 2. This paper introduces and analyzes the common media and algorithm of location. According to the characteristics and requirements of indoor positioning environment, the ultrasonic signal is chosen to measure the distance and the classical TOA time of Arrival-based localization algorithm is used to calculate the location of the target node. 3. In the positioning system, the accurate measurement of the distance between the target node and the beacon node is the premise of accurate location. In ultrasonic TOF measurement, the synchronization between transmitter and receiver has great influence on the measurement accuracy. Aiming at the influence of clock drift on ultrasonic TOF measurement accuracy, an accurate ultrasonic TOF measurement method with clock drift compensation is presented. The simulation results show that the measurement error is restrained obviously. 4. In this paper, the hardware platform of the system node is built, and the system node is designed by using the CC2530 developed by TI company as the node microcontroller and wireless module, and the ultrasonic sensor is used to design the system node. The communication performance of the node is tested, and the experiment shows that the node communication has high reliability and real-time performance. In addition, in order to reduce the power consumption of the node, the adaptive mechanism of the node transmit power is adopted, and the simulation results show that the node power consumption is significantly reduced.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN92

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本文編號：1802319