本文選題：無線傳感器網絡 + 路由發(fā)現��； 參考：《西安電子科技大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,無線傳感器網絡(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)感知物理世界、收集并傳遞信息的作用已經被越來越多的學者所廣泛關注。路由發(fā)現是網絡的重要機制之一,任何網絡的設計都無法回避的課題。本文對無線傳感器網路路由發(fā)現機制進行了系統(tǒng)的研究,主要研究內容有:1.對無線傳感器網絡技術體系進行介紹。它主要包含了一個標準和兩個技術規(guī)范,以及其他行業(yè)內認知度比較高的專用技術規(guī)范。IEEE802.15.4標準提出了一種用于低功耗、低速率的無線通信技術。該標準規(guī)定了無線傳感器網絡的物理層(PHY)和媒體訪問控制層(MAC)。ZigBee技術是一種用于無線傳感器網絡的專用協(xié)議棧,它從下向上規(guī)定了網絡層(NWK)、應用支持層(APS)和應用框架層(AF)。6Lo WPAN是設計用來使無線傳感器節(jié)點無縫接入互聯(lián)網的IP適配層協(xié)議。它屏蔽了底層的差異,使無線傳感器網絡的設計變得更加方便快捷。2.對經典的無線傳感器網絡發(fā)現機制進行了研究。在經典的發(fā)現機制中,重點對兩種機制做了研究,一種是基于樹狀拓撲結構的Cluster-Tree,它使用地址分配的方法進行路由發(fā)現,但是存在不易擴展的缺陷,只適用于靜態(tài)網絡。另一種是基于網狀拓撲結構的AODV,從Ad-Hoc網絡中演變而來,自適應強。由于它洪泛式的發(fā)現機制,造成了資源的大量浪費。3.對基于互聯(lián)網的無線傳感器RPL路由發(fā)現機制進行了研究,并為其進行改進。RPL是基于IP架構開發(fā)的無線傳感器網絡路由協(xié)議,是互聯(lián)網向物聯(lián)網發(fā)展的產物。它提出了有向無環(huán)圖的拓撲結構,這種結構屬于樹狀和網狀拓撲的結合。在IP層設計了DIO和DAO消息來發(fā)現和維護節(jié)點。改進共有三點:針對RPL不能從上到下發(fā)現路由的問題,提出了連成積算法作為補充。針對縮小路由表項、提高查找速度的問題,提出了區(qū)規(guī)劃算法作為補充。從能量均衡的角度,發(fā)現RPL現行機制存在優(yōu)勢路由節(jié)點會因過度使用而過早死亡的問題,這會造成整個網絡的生命周期大大縮短。針對這個問題,提出了能量均衡算法作為改進。4.設計了適用于RPL的能量均衡算法。在RPL中引入了度量容器的概念,將使用的量綱放入度量容器,通過度量算法計算出代表能量消耗的度量值,當節(jié)點消耗過多能量時,使用優(yōu)選算法選取能量較為充足的節(jié)點替換掉該節(jié)點,從而達到延長整個網絡生命周期的目的。5.實現并測試了RPL的能量均衡算法。根據RPL能量均衡算法設計方案,具體實現了RPL的三個數據對象和兩個控制消息,完成了發(fā)現新節(jié)點、發(fā)現舊節(jié)點和更新節(jié)點的函數。最后,結合物理設備的實驗,測試驗證了該改進方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the role of Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) in perceiving the physical world, collecting and transmitting information has been paid more and more attention by more and more scholars. Routing discovery is one of the most important mechanisms in network. In this paper, the routing discovery mechanism of wireless sensor networks is systematically studied, and the main research contents are: 1: 1. The technical system of wireless sensor network is introduced. It mainly includes one standard and two technical specifications, as well as the special technical specification .IEEE802.15.4, which has high recognition in other industries, and proposes a wireless communication technology for low power consumption and low rate. The standard specifies that the physical layer of wireless sensor networks (PHY) and the media access control layer (MAC). ZigBee technology is a special protocol stack for wireless sensor networks. It sets up the network layer from the bottom up, application support layer (APS) and application framework layer (AFG. 6Lo WPAN) is designed to make wireless sensor nodes seamlessly access to the Internet IP adaptation layer protocol. It shields the underlying differences and makes the design of wireless sensor networks more convenient. 2. 2. The classical discovery mechanism of wireless sensor networks is studied. In the classical discovery mechanism, we focus on two mechanisms, one is Cluster-Treebased on tree topology, which uses address assignment method for routing discovery, but it is difficult to extend the defects, which is only suitable for static networks. The other is AODV, which is based on the network topology and evolved from the Ad-Hoc network. Because of its flooding mechanism of discovery, caused a large amount of waste of resources. 3. This paper studies the RPL routing discovery mechanism of wireless sensor based on Internet and improves it. RPL is a wireless sensor network routing protocol based on IP architecture. It is the product of the development of Internet of things from Internet to Internet of things. The topological structure of directed acyclic graph is proposed, which belongs to the combination of tree topology and network topology. DIO and DAO messages are designed in IP layer to discover and maintain nodes. The improvement has three points: to solve the problem that RPL can not discover routing from top to bottom, a continuous product algorithm is proposed as a supplement. In order to reduce routing table items and improve lookup speed, an area planning algorithm is proposed as a supplement. From the point of view of energy balance, it is found that the existing mechanism of RPL has the problem of premature death of the dominant routing nodes due to overuse, which will shorten the lifetime of the whole network. To solve this problem, an energy equalization algorithm is proposed as an improved. 4. 4. An energy equalization algorithm for RPL is designed. The concept of measurement container is introduced in RPL. The dimension is put into the measurement container. The measure value representing energy consumption is calculated by the measurement algorithm. When the node consumes too much energy, The optimal selection algorithm is used to select the node with sufficient energy to replace the node so as to extend the whole network life cycle. The energy equalization algorithm of RPL is implemented and tested. According to the design scheme of RPL energy equalization algorithm, three data objects and two control messages of RPL are implemented, and the functions of discovering new nodes, discovering old nodes and updating nodes are completed. Finally, the feasibility of the improved scheme is verified by the experiment of physical equipment.
【學位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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