本文選題：C波段 + 弱信號捕獲��； 參考：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,以GPS為代表的衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航產(chǎn)品越來越多,并且從軍用領(lǐng)域滲透到民用領(lǐng)域,甚至是高樓林立的城市、室內(nèi)和隧道等復(fù)雜環(huán)境,因此導(dǎo)航信號會(huì)受到遮擋、多徑、噪聲和干擾等諸多因素的影響,幅度和相位發(fā)生劇烈變化,進(jìn)而信噪比衰減嚴(yán)重。本文根據(jù)項(xiàng)目需求,需要對C波段上的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的接收,而C波段上導(dǎo)航信號的空間鏈路損耗特別大,這也就使得接收到的導(dǎo)航信號非常微弱,因此,文章主要針對弱信號的高靈敏度增強(qiáng)接收進(jìn)行分析和研究。作為接收機(jī)的重要組成部分,基帶信號處理模塊的好壞決定了接收機(jī)在導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)接收過程中的性能好壞,因此對基帶信號處理算法的改進(jìn)是提高接收機(jī)靈敏度的關(guān)鍵。基于此,展開了以下研究：對導(dǎo)航信號的組成結(jié)構(gòu)、接收機(jī)前端處理和基帶信號處理的工作流程以及工作原理做了詳細(xì)介紹,作為對導(dǎo)航信號的產(chǎn)生和接收過程背景知識(shí)的補(bǔ)充。針對弱信號的捕獲展開介紹,以并行碼相位捕獲算法為基礎(chǔ)來提高捕獲的速度和精度；另外,相干積分、非相干積分和差分相干積分都是通過累加來提高信噪比的基礎(chǔ)算法。捕獲以并行碼相位捕獲算法為基礎(chǔ),通過對積分方式進(jìn)行結(jié)合實(shí)現(xiàn)算法的優(yōu)化：首先介紹了結(jié)合相干積分和非相干積分的捕獲算法—組合相干捕獲,該捕獲方法提高信噪比的同時(shí)消除了相干積分對比特?cái)?shù)據(jù)跳變的影響,但是非相干積分引入了平方損耗；相干積分和差分相干積分組合成差分相干捕獲算法,保留優(yōu)勢的同時(shí)對平方損耗進(jìn)行削弱,但是差分相干積分計(jì)算量太大；從精簡計(jì)算量的角度進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,得到簡易差分相干捕獲算法。從捕獲門限、檢測概率和時(shí)間復(fù)雜度三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行捕獲性能分析,并通過實(shí)際仿真證實(shí)了改進(jìn)算法的優(yōu)越性。對于弱信號的跟蹤過程,本文先具體介紹了跟蹤環(huán)路中載波環(huán)和碼環(huán)的工作原理和結(jié)構(gòu)。接著對實(shí)際接收的導(dǎo)航數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行接收,驗(yàn)證了跟蹤算法的有效性。最后提出了一種相位補(bǔ)償?shù)乃惴?即采用左、右旋圓極化天線對線極化天線發(fā)射的導(dǎo)航信號同時(shí)進(jìn)行接收,對CAPS系統(tǒng)中因?yàn)槭瞻l(fā)天線極化方式不同而造成極化損耗的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行補(bǔ)償和修正,實(shí)現(xiàn)增強(qiáng)接收的效果。最后介紹了算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的硬件平臺(tái)及軟件平臺(tái),列出了算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的具體步驟,對本文提出的算法進(jìn)行了實(shí)際驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:At present, there are more and more satellite navigation products represented by GPS, and they infiltrate into the civilian field from the military field, even in complex environments such as cities with high buildings, rooms and tunnels, so the navigation signals will be blocked and multipath. Many factors, such as noise and interference, cause dramatic changes in amplitude and phase, which leads to the serious attenuation of SNR. According to the requirements of the project, we need to receive the data on C-band accurately, and the spatial link loss of the navigation signal in C-band is very large, which makes the received navigation signal very weak. In this paper, the high sensitivity enhanced receiver of weak signal is analyzed and studied. As an important part of the receiver, the baseband signal processing module determines the performance of the receiver in the process of receiving navigation data, so the improvement of the baseband signal processing algorithm is the key to improve the sensitivity of the receiver. Based on this, the following research is carried out: the structure of navigation signal, the workflow and working principle of receiver front-end processing and baseband signal processing are introduced in detail. As a supplement to the background knowledge of the process of generating and receiving navigation signals. Based on the parallel code phase acquisition algorithm, the acquisition speed and accuracy are improved. In addition, coherent integral, incoherent integral and differential coherent integral are all basic algorithms to improve SNR by cumulation. Based on the parallel code phase acquisition algorithm, the algorithm is optimized by combining the integration method. Firstly, the combined coherent acquisition algorithm, which combines coherent integral and incoherent integral, is introduced. The acquisition method not only improves SNR but also eliminates the effect of coherent integral on bit data jump, but incoherent integral introduces square loss, and coherent integral and differential coherent integral are combined to form differential coherent acquisition algorithm. At the same time, the square loss is weakened while the advantage is preserved, but the difference coherence integral is too much to calculate, and the simple differential coherent acquisition algorithm is obtained by optimizing from the point of view of the simplified computation. The performance of the improved algorithm is analyzed from three aspects: the acquisition threshold, the detection probability and the time complexity, and the advantages of the improved algorithm are proved by practical simulation. For the tracking process of weak signals, the principle and structure of carrier loop and code loop in tracking loop are introduced in detail in this paper. Then the actual received navigation data are received to verify the effectiveness of the tracking algorithm. Finally, a phase compensation algorithm is proposed, in which the navigation signals transmitted by the line polarization antenna are received simultaneously by the left and right circular polarization antennas. This paper compensates and corrects the polarization loss caused by different polarization modes of receiving and transmitting antennas in CAPS system, and realizes the effect of enhancing the reception. Finally, the hardware platform and software platform of the algorithm implementation are introduced, the concrete steps of the algorithm implementation are listed, and the algorithm proposed in this paper is verified in practice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN967.1

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