本文選題：長基線寬帶測向 + 時(shí)差校正��； 參考：《南京航空航天大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著電子技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,現(xiàn)代雷達(dá)發(fā)射的信號通常采用寬帶調(diào)制,因此研究寬帶信號的測向(Direction Finding,DF)和定位是一個(gè)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的課題。本文針對寬帶信號的測向與定位的一些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和環(huán)節(jié),如單信號的高精度測向算法、誘餌背景下的相干多信號個(gè)數(shù)估計(jì)及測向算法、寬帶干擾源測向、雙站測向交叉定位算法、寬帶信號測向算法的硬件FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)實(shí)現(xiàn)等進(jìn)行了研究,主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新性成果如下:(1)在高精度寬帶信號時(shí)差估計(jì)算法基礎(chǔ)上,系統(tǒng)地研究了長基線寬帶信號測向算法,提出了基于時(shí)差校正的寬帶長基線測向及解模糊算法,并且對它們的性能和使用條件作了詳細(xì)的分析。在該算法中,利用時(shí)差初估計(jì)值,對信號進(jìn)行相位校正,利用干涉儀算法對剩余相位差進(jìn)行估計(jì)及相位解模糊,從而進(jìn)一步提高測向精度�；�長度不受相位解模糊條件的限制。(2)研究了誘餌背景下寬帶相干多輻射源個(gè)數(shù)估計(jì)與測向算法。對于位置靠近的多個(gè)相干信號源,僅采用兩個(gè)天線陣元組成的單基線系統(tǒng),利用它們的頻譜相關(guān)特征實(shí)現(xiàn)輻射源個(gè)數(shù)估計(jì),并同時(shí)對多個(gè)輻射源進(jìn)行精確測向。在電子偵察和情報(bào)截獲等場合具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值,并且對繼續(xù)深入研究誘餌信號測向與定位有參考價(jià)值。(3)研究了寬帶噪聲干擾源測向算法,對干擾源信號進(jìn)行檢測,進(jìn)而對單噪聲輻射源進(jìn)行高精度測向。其次,結(jié)合陣列信號處理的MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification)算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)對多噪聲輻射源的測向。在干擾信號與雷達(dá)信號混雜并存的環(huán)境中,實(shí)現(xiàn)寬帶信號的準(zhǔn)確識別和測向。算法考慮在頻域上,根據(jù)短時(shí)傅里葉變換(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)的譜線模值最大值和均方值來對信號進(jìn)行檢測和識別,然后截取各信號有用數(shù)據(jù)段進(jìn)行時(shí)差測向。(4)在高精度波達(dá)角(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估計(jì)值的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了雙站測向交叉定位算法,構(gòu)建角度觀測方程組,進(jìn)而解算出輻射源位置。對測向交叉定位算法的定位誤差進(jìn)行分析,并討論了在什么條件下定位精度最高。(5)研究了寬帶信號測向的FPGA硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)。在多相濾波信道化體制下,數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過抽取后時(shí)間分辨率降低,運(yùn)用傳統(tǒng)的到達(dá)時(shí)間估計(jì)得到的時(shí)差精度較低。在寬帶信號測向算法中,經(jīng)過時(shí)域和頻域的對應(yīng)關(guān)系將時(shí)差估計(jì)問題轉(zhuǎn)換為頻率估計(jì)問題,其精度不受采樣時(shí)間間隔的限制。該算法運(yùn)算簡單,適于硬件實(shí)現(xiàn),可以實(shí)時(shí)進(jìn)行處理,能達(dá)到較高的測向精度。(6)研究了捷變頻雷達(dá)信號分選及基準(zhǔn)頻率估計(jì)算法。先對接收到的捷變頻雷達(dá)信號進(jìn)行高精度頻率估計(jì),然后利用相鄰兩個(gè)信號頻率差相除,在一定的搜索范圍內(nèi),通過比較相除結(jié)果的小數(shù)部分,來分選出不同雷達(dá)的信號。根據(jù)同一雷達(dá)的信號,估計(jì)出信號分頻系數(shù),從而估計(jì)出雷達(dá)的基準(zhǔn)頻率。該算法可以抑制錯(cuò)誤分選問題的產(chǎn)生,可以對特定輻射源進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確識別。
[Abstract]:With the development of electronic technology, the signals transmitted by modern radar usually adopt wideband modulation. Therefore, the research on direction finding and location of wideband signals is of practical significance.This paper aims at some key techniques and links of direction finding and location of wideband signals, such as high precision direction finding algorithm of single signal, estimation and direction finding algorithm of coherent multi-signal in decoy background, direction finding of wideband interference source.The bistatic direction finding cross location algorithm and the hardware FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrayof wideband signal direction finding algorithm are studied. The main innovative achievements are as follows: 1) on the basis of high precision wideband signal time difference estimation algorithm,The algorithm of wideband direction finding for long baseline wideband signals is studied systematically. A wideband long baseline direction finding and deblurring algorithm based on time difference correction is proposed, and their performance and application conditions are analyzed in detail.In this algorithm, the initial estimation of time difference is used to correct the phase of the signal, the interferometer algorithm is used to estimate the residual phase difference and the phase is deblurred, thus the precision of direction finding is further improved.The base-line length is not restricted by the phase ambiguity condition. (2) the estimation and direction finding algorithm of the number of wideband coherent multiple emitters in the decoy background is studied.A single baseline system consisting of only two antenna array elements is used to estimate the number of emitter sources and to accurately detect the direction of multiple emitter sources.It has certain application value in electronic reconnaissance and intelligence interception, and has reference value for further research on direction finding and location of decoy signal. (3) this paper studies the algorithm of wideband noise jamming source direction finding, and detects the interference source signal.Furthermore, the direction finding of single noise emitter is carried out with high precision.Secondly, combining the MUSIC(Multiple Signal Classification algorithm of array signal processing, the direction finding of multi-noise emitter is realized.In the mixed environment of jamming signal and radar signal, the accurate recognition and direction finding of wideband signal can be realized.The algorithm considers the detection and recognition of signals in frequency domain according to the maximum and mean square values of spectral mode values of short Time Fourier transform (STFT).Based on the high-precision DOA Direction of Arrivalo estimation, the bistatic cross-locating algorithm is studied, and the angle observation equations are constructed, and the emitter position is solved.The location error of the direction finding cross location algorithm is analyzed, and the FPGA hardware implementation of wideband signal direction finding is discussed under what conditions the positioning accuracy is the highest.In the multiphase filtering channelization system, the time resolution of the data is reduced after extraction, and the time difference accuracy obtained by the traditional time of arrival estimation is low.In the wideband signal direction finding algorithm, the time difference estimation problem is transformed into the frequency estimation problem through the corresponding relation between the time domain and the frequency domain, and its precision is not limited by the sampling time interval.The algorithm is simple in operation, suitable for hardware implementation, and can be processed in real time. It can achieve high precision of direction finding.) the algorithm of signal sorting and reference frequency estimation for frequency agility radar is studied.The frequency of the received frequency agile radar signal is estimated with high accuracy, then the frequency difference of two adjacent signals is divided. In a certain search range, different radar signals are sorted by comparing the fractional parts of the division results.According to the signal of the same radar, the frequency division coefficient of the signal is estimated and the reference frequency of the radar is estimated.The algorithm can suppress the problem of error sorting and identify the specific emitter accurately.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.51

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