本文選題：非相干散射雷達(dá)　切入點(diǎn)：波形設(shè)計(jì)　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為地球大氣層和外部空間之間的接口,電離層對(duì)人類各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的影響不容小覷。無(wú)論是廣播、無(wú)線通信、測(cè)量、導(dǎo)航,還是空間探測(cè),都受到電離層的重要影響。非相干散射雷達(dá)以其獨(dú)特的非相干散射探測(cè)方式,使得從地面遠(yuǎn)程探測(cè)電離層成為可能。由于探測(cè)目標(biāo)的特殊性,非相干散射雷達(dá)通常采用復(fù)雜的發(fā)射波形來(lái)進(jìn)行電離層探測(cè)。同時(shí),通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)軟件進(jìn)行雷達(dá)信號(hào)處理可以大大提高整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的靈活性。本文結(jié)合我國(guó)首部非相干散射雷達(dá)的建設(shè)與應(yīng)用,深入研究了非相干散射雷達(dá)波形設(shè)計(jì),同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一套信號(hào)處理軟件。首先,研究了非相干散射雷達(dá)探測(cè)原理及探測(cè)技術(shù)。分析了電離層散射譜的形成過(guò)程以及散射信號(hào)信噪比極低的特點(diǎn),給出了噪聲校準(zhǔn)的方法。重點(diǎn)研究了模糊函數(shù)理論,推導(dǎo)出回波信號(hào)自相關(guān)函數(shù)與電離層散射信號(hào)自相關(guān)函數(shù)及模糊函數(shù)之間的關(guān)系,給出了信號(hào)處理過(guò)程中關(guān)鍵的時(shí)延剖面矩陣的概念,以及電離層回波信號(hào)自相關(guān)函數(shù)和功率譜的計(jì)算方法。其次,研究了非相干散射雷達(dá)波形設(shè)計(jì)及相應(yīng)的信號(hào)處理方法。對(duì)長(zhǎng)脈沖、巴克碼和二相交替碼三種信號(hào)編碼方式進(jìn)行了研究,仿真分析了各自的模糊函數(shù)。引入多相交替碼這種新的非相干散射雷達(dá)信號(hào)編碼方式,極大地?cái)U(kuò)充了交替碼可用的編碼集合,提高了波形設(shè)計(jì)的靈活性。同時(shí),多相交替碼具有和二相交替碼類似的模糊函數(shù)和相同的距離分辨率。提出了使用跳頻編碼調(diào)制多相交替碼各組編碼的改進(jìn)方式,以減少發(fā)射脈沖組數(shù),提高探測(cè)效率和探測(cè)精度,并給出了詳細(xì)的信號(hào)編碼及信號(hào)處理流程。最后,針對(duì)現(xiàn)有非相干散射雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一套信號(hào)處理軟件,進(jìn)一步提高了系統(tǒng)處理方式的靈活性和可靠性。分析了軟件功能需求,根據(jù)需求將軟件劃分為網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)接收存儲(chǔ)、文件管理、信號(hào)處理、用戶界面四個(gè)功能模塊。對(duì)各個(gè)模塊分別進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì),詳細(xì)闡述了每個(gè)模塊的設(shè)計(jì)思路及數(shù)據(jù)高速采集、高效信號(hào)處理、多功能繪圖等關(guān)鍵技術(shù),并通過(guò)軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了雷達(dá)信號(hào)處理算法。最后,對(duì)整個(gè)軟件進(jìn)行了功能測(cè)試,驗(yàn)證了各個(gè)模塊功能的完整性和正確性,并驗(yàn)證了信號(hào)處理算法的正確性。
[Abstract]:As an interface between the Earth's atmosphere and outer space, the ionosphere has a significant impact on human activities.Whether broadcast, wireless communication, measurement, navigation, or space exploration, are significantly affected by the ionosphere.Incoherent scattering radar makes it possible to remotely detect the ionosphere from the ground because of its unique incoherent scattering detection method.Because of the particularity of target detection, incoherent scattering radar usually uses complex emission waveform to detect ionosphere.At the same time, radar signal processing by computer software can greatly improve the flexibility of the whole system.Combined with the construction and application of the first incoherent scattering radar in China, the waveform design of the incoherent scattering radar is studied in depth, and a set of signal processing software is designed and implemented.Firstly, the detection principle and detection technology of incoherent scattering radar are studied.The formation process of ionospheric scattering spectrum and the characteristic of extremely low signal-to-noise ratio of scattering signal are analyzed, and the method of noise calibration is given.The fuzzy function theory is studied emphatically, the relation between the echo signal autocorrelation function and the ionospheric scattering signal autocorrelation function and the ambiguity function is deduced, and the concept of the key time-delay profile matrix in the signal processing is given.And the calculation method of autocorrelation function and power spectrum of ionospheric echo signal.Secondly, the design of incoherent scattering radar waveform and the corresponding signal processing methods are studied.Three signal coding methods, long pulse, Barker code and two-phase alternating code, are studied, and their fuzzy functions are simulated and analyzed.Polyphase alternating code is introduced as a new coding method for incoherent scattering radar signals, which greatly expands the coding set available for alternating codes and improves the flexibility of waveform design.At the same time, the polyphase alternating code has the same ambiguity function and the same distance resolution as the two-phase alternating code.In order to reduce the number of transmitted pulses and improve the detection efficiency and precision, an improved method of modulation multiphase alternating code with frequency-hopping coding is proposed. The detailed signal coding and signal processing flow are also given.Finally, a set of signal processing software is designed and implemented for the existing incoherent scattering radar system, which further improves the flexibility and reliability of the system processing mode.The software function requirement is analyzed, and the software is divided into four functional modules: network data receiving and storage, file management, signal processing and user interface.Each module is designed, the design idea of each module and the key technologies of high speed data acquisition, high efficiency signal processing and multifunction drawing are described in detail, and the radar signal processing algorithm is realized by software.Finally, the function of the whole software is tested to verify the integrity and correctness of each module and the correctness of the signal processing algorithm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.51

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