本文選題：SAR　切入點(diǎn)：三維部件級(jí)電磁散射模型　出處：《國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：合成孔徑雷達(dá)(SAR)具有全天時(shí)全天候的巨大優(yōu)勢(shì),已成為現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)偵察的重要手段。盡管SAR自動(dòng)目標(biāo)識(shí)別(ATR)技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得了較大的進(jìn)步,其仍然無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足復(fù)雜多變的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)需求。如何快速準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別SAR目標(biāo)并對(duì)其可能發(fā)生的局部變化做出判斷對(duì)于實(shí)戰(zhàn)中的戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)情報(bào)獲取具有十分重要的價(jià)值。因此,實(shí)現(xiàn)更高精度、更深層次的SAR自動(dòng)目標(biāo)識(shí)別意義重大�；谀Ｐ偷腟AR ATR由于適應(yīng)擴(kuò)展操作條件的能力強(qiáng)而成為SAR ATR的研究熱點(diǎn)。構(gòu)建目標(biāo)部件級(jí)別三維電磁散射模型對(duì)于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)部件級(jí)精細(xì)識(shí)別具有重要意義。目標(biāo)部件級(jí)三維電磁散射模型描述了目標(biāo)整體以及組成其的各個(gè)散射部件在某一頻段、姿態(tài)下的電磁散射特性,這使得檢測(cè)目標(biāo)的單個(gè)散射部件成為可能。本文面向部件級(jí)別的SAR目標(biāo)識(shí)別,著力研究了SAR數(shù)據(jù)中單個(gè)散射部件的檢測(cè)方法,主要研究工作如下:一、介紹了目標(biāo)部件級(jí)三維電磁散射模型的構(gòu)建過(guò)程以及其參數(shù)化表述形式。分析了其具有的特性并據(jù)此設(shè)計(jì)了單個(gè)散射部件檢測(cè)的實(shí)施框架。該框架描述了如何從目標(biāo)的部件級(jí)三維電磁散射模型出發(fā)預(yù)測(cè)單個(gè)散射部件的二維圖像或特征,進(jìn)而在實(shí)測(cè)SAR數(shù)據(jù)中檢測(cè)單個(gè)散射部件。二、提出了基于匹配濾波的單個(gè)散射部件檢測(cè)方法。匹配濾波是信號(hào)檢測(cè)的經(jīng)典算法。本文利用目標(biāo)部件級(jí)三維電磁散射模型預(yù)測(cè)單個(gè)散射部件的圖像并以此構(gòu)建匹配濾波器。通過(guò)在模型參數(shù)域的滑動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維參數(shù)域的匹配濾波器滑動(dòng)從而提高了匹配濾波器的檢測(cè)精度。同時(shí),基于CLEAN思想在逐個(gè)檢測(cè)散射部件的過(guò)程中不斷剔除散射部件之間的互擾。最后使用該方法對(duì)簡(jiǎn)易坦克目標(biāo)的電磁計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)、暗室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)以及MSTAR“干擾”數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了散射部件檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該算法能夠較好得檢測(cè)出實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)中存在的散射部件。三、提出了基于特征匹配的單個(gè)散射部件檢測(cè)方法。該方法首先分析了單個(gè)散射部件在圖像域特性據(jù)此構(gòu)造散射部件的特征,緊接著設(shè)計(jì)了合適的相似度度量準(zhǔn)則實(shí)現(xiàn)特征匹配完成單個(gè)散射部件的檢測(cè)。最后使用該方法對(duì)簡(jiǎn)易坦克目標(biāo)的電磁計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)、暗室測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)以及MSTAR“干擾”數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該算法能夠較好得檢測(cè)出實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)中存在的散射部件。
[Abstract]:Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the advantage of all-weather and all-day, and has become an important means of modern battlefield reconnaissance. It is still unable to meet the complex and changeable battlefield requirements. How to identify SAR targets quickly and accurately and judge the possible local changes are of great value to the acquisition of battlefield information in actual combat. The deeper SAR automatic target recognition is of great significance. The model-based SAR ATR has become the research hotspot of SAR ATR due to its strong ability to adapt to extended operating conditions. The construction of target component-level 3D electromagnetic scattering model is of great importance to the realization of the target. The target component level 3D electromagnetic scattering model describes the whole target and the scattering components of the target in a certain frequency band. The electromagnetic scattering characteristics under attitude make it possible to detect a single scattering component of a target. This paper focuses on the detection method of single scattering component in SAR data for component level SAR target recognition. The main research work is as follows: 1. In this paper, the process of constructing 3D electromagnetic scattering model at target component level and its parameterized expression are introduced. The characteristics of the model are analyzed and an implementation framework for detecting a single scattering component is designed. The framework describes how to detect a single scattering component from. The component level 3D electromagnetic scattering model of a target is used to predict the two-dimensional images or features of a single scattering component. Then a single scattering component is detected in the measured SAR data. This paper presents a single scattering component detection method based on matched filter. Matched filter is a classical algorithm for signal detection. In this paper, the target component level 3D electromagnetic scattering model is used to predict the image of a single scattering component and to construct a piece of image. Matching filter. By sliding in the model parameter domain, the matched filter sliding in 3D parameter domain is realized, thus improving the detection accuracy of matched filter. At the same time, In the process of detecting scattering components one by one, the mutual interference between scattering components is eliminated continuously based on the idea of CLEAN. Finally, the electromagnetic calculation data of simple tank targets are calculated by using this method. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect the scattering components in the measured data. Third, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect the scattering components in the measured data. In this paper, a method of detecting a single scattering component based on feature matching is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of a single scattering component in image domain are analyzed. Then a suitable similarity measure criterion is designed to realize the feature matching to complete the detection of a single scattering component. Finally, the electromagnetic calculation data of the simple tank target, the darkroom measurement data and the MSTAR "interference" data are tested. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect the scattering components in the measured data.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國(guó)防科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TN957.52

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