本文選題：SAR　切入點：三維部件級電磁散射模型　出處：《國防科學技術(shù)大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：合成孔徑雷達(SAR)具有全天時全天候的巨大優(yōu)勢,已成為現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)場偵察的重要手段。盡管SAR自動目標識別(ATR)技術(shù)已經(jīng)取得了較大的進步,其仍然無法滿足復雜多變的戰(zhàn)場需求。如何快速準確地識別SAR目標并對其可能發(fā)生的局部變化做出判斷對于實戰(zhàn)中的戰(zhàn)場情報獲取具有十分重要的價值。因此,實現(xiàn)更高精度、更深層次的SAR自動目標識別意義重大。基于模型的SAR ATR由于適應擴展操作條件的能力強而成為SAR ATR的研究熱點。構(gòu)建目標部件級別三維電磁散射模型對于實現(xiàn)目標部件級精細識別具有重要意義。目標部件級三維電磁散射模型描述了目標整體以及組成其的各個散射部件在某一頻段、姿態(tài)下的電磁散射特性,這使得檢測目標的單個散射部件成為可能。本文面向部件級別的SAR目標識別,著力研究了SAR數(shù)據(jù)中單個散射部件的檢測方法,主要研究工作如下:一、介紹了目標部件級三維電磁散射模型的構(gòu)建過程以及其參數(shù)化表述形式。分析了其具有的特性并據(jù)此設(shè)計了單個散射部件檢測的實施框架。該框架描述了如何從目標的部件級三維電磁散射模型出發(fā)預測單個散射部件的二維圖像或特征,進而在實測SAR數(shù)據(jù)中檢測單個散射部件。二、提出了基于匹配濾波的單個散射部件檢測方法。匹配濾波是信號檢測的經(jīng)典算法。本文利用目標部件級三維電磁散射模型預測單個散射部件的圖像并以此構(gòu)建匹配濾波器。通過在模型參數(shù)域的滑動實現(xiàn)了三維參數(shù)域的匹配濾波器滑動從而提高了匹配濾波器的檢測精度。同時,基于CLEAN思想在逐個檢測散射部件的過程中不斷剔除散射部件之間的互擾。最后使用該方法對簡易坦克目標的電磁計算數(shù)據(jù)、暗室測量數(shù)據(jù)以及MSTAR“干擾”數(shù)據(jù)進行了散射部件檢測實驗,實驗結(jié)果表明,該算法能夠較好得檢測出實測數(shù)據(jù)中存在的散射部件。三、提出了基于特征匹配的單個散射部件檢測方法。該方法首先分析了單個散射部件在圖像域特性據(jù)此構(gòu)造散射部件的特征,緊接著設(shè)計了合適的相似度度量準則實現(xiàn)特征匹配完成單個散射部件的檢測。最后使用該方法對簡易坦克目標的電磁計算數(shù)據(jù)、暗室測量數(shù)據(jù)以及MSTAR“干擾”數(shù)據(jù)進行了實驗,實驗結(jié)果表明,該算法能夠較好得檢測出實測數(shù)據(jù)中存在的散射部件。
[Abstract]:Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has the advantage of all-weather and all-day, and has become an important means of modern battlefield reconnaissance. It is still unable to meet the complex and changeable battlefield requirements. How to identify SAR targets quickly and accurately and judge the possible local changes are of great value to the acquisition of battlefield information in actual combat. The deeper SAR automatic target recognition is of great significance. The model-based SAR ATR has become the research hotspot of SAR ATR due to its strong ability to adapt to extended operating conditions. The construction of target component-level 3D electromagnetic scattering model is of great importance to the realization of the target. The target component level 3D electromagnetic scattering model describes the whole target and the scattering components of the target in a certain frequency band. The electromagnetic scattering characteristics under attitude make it possible to detect a single scattering component of a target. This paper focuses on the detection method of single scattering component in SAR data for component level SAR target recognition. The main research work is as follows: 1. In this paper, the process of constructing 3D electromagnetic scattering model at target component level and its parameterized expression are introduced. The characteristics of the model are analyzed and an implementation framework for detecting a single scattering component is designed. The framework describes how to detect a single scattering component from. The component level 3D electromagnetic scattering model of a target is used to predict the two-dimensional images or features of a single scattering component. Then a single scattering component is detected in the measured SAR data. This paper presents a single scattering component detection method based on matched filter. Matched filter is a classical algorithm for signal detection. In this paper, the target component level 3D electromagnetic scattering model is used to predict the image of a single scattering component and to construct a piece of image. Matching filter. By sliding in the model parameter domain, the matched filter sliding in 3D parameter domain is realized, thus improving the detection accuracy of matched filter. At the same time, In the process of detecting scattering components one by one, the mutual interference between scattering components is eliminated continuously based on the idea of CLEAN. Finally, the electromagnetic calculation data of simple tank targets are calculated by using this method. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect the scattering components in the measured data. Third, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect the scattering components in the measured data. In this paper, a method of detecting a single scattering component based on feature matching is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of a single scattering component in image domain are analyzed. Then a suitable similarity measure criterion is designed to realize the feature matching to complete the detection of a single scattering component. Finally, the electromagnetic calculation data of the simple tank target, the darkroom measurement data and the MSTAR "interference" data are tested. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can detect the scattering components in the measured data.
【學位授予單位】：國防科學技術(shù)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN957.52

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