本文選題：路由協(xié)議　切入點(diǎn)：非均勻分簇　出處：《沈陽理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)是由大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成并以多跳自組織方式構(gòu)成的無線網(wǎng)絡(luò),各傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)通過協(xié)作方式感知、采集、處理和傳輸監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域內(nèi)被感知對(duì)象的信息,并最終把這些信息發(fā)送給網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理者。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)在軍事、醫(yī)療等方面得到廣泛應(yīng)用。但由于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量龐大、能量有限、通信帶寬小,因此,如何保障信息安全可靠傳輸并延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì)的首要目標(biāo)。而高效的路由協(xié)議不僅能夠?qū)ふ覂?yōu)化的路徑,提高節(jié)點(diǎn)能量利用率,而且能均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載,延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期。因此,本文以無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)為背景,在分析分簇?zé)o線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)現(xiàn)有分簇?zé)o線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由協(xié)議進(jìn)行研究并設(shè)計(jì)了一種改進(jìn)的基于非均勻分簇的路由協(xié)議IUCRP(Improved Unequal Clusterint Routing Protocol),降低了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗、均衡了網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗、避免了單路徑問題、提高了鏈路利用率,延長(zhǎng)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期。所取得的成果如下:首先,針對(duì)EEUC(Energy-Efficient Uneven Clustering)協(xié)議在分簇過程中未考慮剩余能量、節(jié)點(diǎn)密度因素而導(dǎo)致網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗不均、網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期縮短的問題,對(duì)EEUC協(xié)議進(jìn)行改進(jìn)并設(shè)計(jì)了IUCRP協(xié)議,該協(xié)議采用了一種改進(jìn)的非均勻分簇算法,通過與Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)的距離、剩余能量和周圍節(jié)點(diǎn)密度的綜合權(quán)值確定簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)半徑、進(jìn)行非均勻分簇,以使距離Sink節(jié)點(diǎn)較近的節(jié)點(diǎn)能節(jié)省能量用于簇間數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),同時(shí)使剩余能量較小的、周圍節(jié)點(diǎn)較密集的簇規(guī)模較小以減小簇首的簇內(nèi)能量消耗,從而達(dá)到降低節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗、均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)能耗、延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生命周期的目的。其次,針對(duì)現(xiàn)有簇間路由算法簇首間單跳距離太長(zhǎng),造成遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸數(shù)據(jù)能耗過大的問題,本文分別設(shè)計(jì)了簇內(nèi)和簇間通信策略及簇的更新機(jī)制,簇間利用中繼節(jié)點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),以避免長(zhǎng)距離通信能耗過大,有效降低能耗,同時(shí),在選擇下一跳節(jié)點(diǎn)時(shí),綜合考慮距離、剩余能量、鏈路代價(jià)及鏈路質(zhì)量因素,避免單個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)耗能較大并有效提高了鏈路利用率、減小了丟包率,從而達(dá)到延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命的目的。最后,利用OPNET仿真工具對(duì)上述成果進(jìn)行了仿真測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,與EEUC相比較,該路由協(xié)議使第一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)死亡時(shí)間延后,延長(zhǎng)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)工作時(shí)間,減小了每輪簇首節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗,縮短了網(wǎng)絡(luò)端到端時(shí)延。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network is a wireless network composed of a large number of sensor nodes and multi-hop self-organization. Each sensor node perceives, collects, processes and transmits the information of the perceived objects in the monitoring area through cooperative means. The wireless sensor network is widely used in military, medical and other fields. However, due to the large number of nodes, limited energy and small communication bandwidth, wireless sensor network has a large number of nodes. How to ensure the safe and reliable transmission of information and extend the network life is the primary goal of wireless sensor network design, and the efficient routing protocol can not only find the optimized path, improve the energy utilization ratio of nodes, but also balance the network load. Therefore, based on the background of wireless sensor networks, this paper analyzes the working characteristics of clustered wireless sensor networks. The existing routing protocols in wireless sensor networks are studied and an improved IUCRP(Improved Unequal Clusterint Routing protocol based on non-uniform clustering is designed, which reduces the energy consumption of wireless sensor network nodes and balances the network energy consumption. The single path problem is avoided, the link utilization rate is improved, and the network life cycle is prolonged. The results are as follows: firstly, the EEUC(Energy-Efficient Uneven clustering protocol does not consider the residual energy in the clustering process, and the node density factor leads to uneven network energy consumption. The network life cycle is shortened, the EEUC protocol is improved and the IUCRP protocol is designed. This protocol adopts an improved non-uniform clustering algorithm, which is based on the distance from the Sink node. The combined weight value of residual energy and surrounding node density determines the competition radius of cluster head node, and carries out non-uniform clustering, so that the node closer to Sink node can save energy for data forwarding between clusters, and make the residual energy smaller. The cluster size of the surrounding nodes is smaller to reduce the energy consumption within the cluster head, so as to reduce the energy consumption of the nodes, balance the network energy consumption, and prolong the network life cycle. Secondly, In view of the problem that the single hop distance between the cluster heads is too long, which results in too much energy consumption for long-distance data transmission, the communication strategy and the updating mechanism of the cluster are designed in this paper, and the relay nodes are used for forwarding between clusters. In order to avoid excessive energy consumption in long distance communication and reduce energy consumption effectively, at the same time, when selecting the next hop node, the factors of distance, residual energy, link cost and link quality are considered synthetically. To avoid the single node energy consumption and effectively improve the link utilization rate, reduce packet loss rate, so as to extend the network life. Finally, the OPNET simulation tool is used to simulate the above results, the test results show that, Compared with EEUC, the routing protocol delays the first node's lifetime, prolongs the network working time, reduces the energy consumption of each cluster head node, and shortens the end-to-end delay of the network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號(hào)：1639905