本文選題：北斗二號　切入點：北斗接收機(jī)　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著用戶定位需求的不斷擴(kuò)大,衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)被廣泛的運用到各個領(lǐng)域。為了打破美國和俄羅斯在全球衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航領(lǐng)域中的壟斷地位,我國自主研發(fā)了能夠獨立運行的北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)——“北斗二號”。北斗導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)在導(dǎo)航方式和定位原理等方面與GPS導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)相類似,但也有自身的獨特優(yōu)勢。目前,“北斗二號”正處于不斷地建設(shè)和完善當(dāng)中。北斗接收機(jī)作為用戶終端,是衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)中的重要組成部分,需要不斷改進(jìn)、發(fā)展與優(yōu)化。因此在現(xiàn)階段對基于北斗導(dǎo)航的實時接收機(jī)進(jìn)行研究與實現(xiàn)具有非常重要的意義。鑒于北斗接收機(jī)需要對信號進(jìn)行實時性處理,本課題選擇了DSP與FPGA作為接收機(jī)的硬件平臺,主要對接收機(jī)的軟件部分和信號處理算法進(jìn)行了研究、設(shè)計與實現(xiàn),最終完成了接收機(jī)的定位等任務(wù)。論文介紹了國內(nèi)外衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)和衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航接收機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢以及北斗接收機(jī)的基本原理。設(shè)計了北斗接收機(jī)的系統(tǒng)框架以及FPGA與DSP的程序模塊框架�；贒SP與FPGA的北斗接收機(jī)主要以DSP作為核心控制器,通過FPGA對基帶信號進(jìn)行處理;通過DSP對信號進(jìn)行捕獲、跟蹤、同步并與FPGA進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)交換,實時調(diào)整FPGA對基帶信號的處理;最后通過DSP提取并保存導(dǎo)航電文,利用偽距定位算法計算出定位結(jié)果。論文重點對FPGA處理基帶信號的各個模塊進(jìn)行了研究、設(shè)計與實現(xiàn),并著重討論了位同步與幀同步模塊的主要設(shè)計思想以及導(dǎo)航電文的提取、糾錯與校驗方法。基帶信號處理模塊包括時鐘模塊、載波NCO模塊、數(shù)字下變頻模塊、碼NCO模塊、測距碼發(fā)生器、碼相關(guān)運算器與幀同步模塊等,這些模塊相互連接,從而實現(xiàn)了對基帶信號的處理。本文還介紹了基帶信號的捕獲算法、跟蹤算法和偽距定位原理及算法,并根據(jù)實際情況選擇了合適的算法在DSP平臺上進(jìn)行了實現(xiàn):基帶信號的捕獲采用串行捕獲方法;信號跟蹤使用的碼環(huán)采用二階鎖相環(huán);載波環(huán)采用二階鎖頻環(huán)輔助三階鎖相環(huán);定位算法采用牛頓迭代法結(jié)合最小二乘法。論文的結(jié)論部分對該接收機(jī)的定位測試結(jié)果進(jìn)行了展示,并和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GPS的定位結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較。還對本課題所使用的各個模塊和算法進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。并討論了該接收機(jī)需要進(jìn)行改進(jìn)和完善的一些后續(xù)任務(wù)。
[Abstract]:In order to break the monopoly of the United States and Russia in the field of global satellite navigation, satellite navigation system has been widely used in various fields with the increasing demand for positioning by users. Our country has independently developed the Beidou satellite navigation system, "Beidou II", which can operate independently. The Beidou navigation system is similar to the GPS navigation system in terms of navigation mode and positioning principle. But it also has its own unique advantages. At present, Beidou II is under continuous construction and improvement. As a user terminal, Beidou receiver is an important part of the satellite navigation system and needs continuous improvement. Therefore, it is very important to research and implement the real-time receiver based on Beidou navigation at this stage. In this paper, DSP and FPGA are chosen as the hardware platform of the receiver. The software and the signal processing algorithm of the receiver are studied, designed and implemented. The status quo and development trend of satellite navigation system and satellite navigation receiver at home and abroad and the basic principle of Beidou receiver are introduced. The system frame of Beidou receiver is designed. The Beidou receiver based on DSP and FPGA mainly takes DSP as the core controller. The baseband signal is processed by FPGA, the signal is captured, tracked, synchronized and exchanged with FPGA by DSP, and the processing of baseband signal by FPGA is adjusted in real time. Finally, the navigation message is extracted and saved by DSP. Using the pseudo-range localization algorithm to calculate the location results. This paper focuses on the research, design and implementation of each module of FPGA processing baseband signal, and discusses the main design idea of bit synchronization and frame synchronization module and the extraction of navigation message. The baseband signal processing module includes clock module, carrier NCO module, digital down conversion module, code NCO module, ranging code generator, code correlation operator and frame synchronization module. The acquisition algorithm, tracking algorithm, pseudo-range positioning principle and algorithm of baseband signal are also introduced in this paper. According to the actual situation, a suitable algorithm is selected to realize on DSP platform: serial acquisition method for baseband signal, second-order phase-locked loop for signal tracking, second-order frequency locked loop for carrier loop, and third-order phase-locked loop for carrier loop. Newtonian iterative method combined with least square method is used in the localization algorithm. In the conclusion of this paper, the localization test results of the receiver are presented. The results are compared with those of the standard GPS, and the various modules and algorithms used in this paper are summarized, and some further tasks which need to be improved and perfected are discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN965.5

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