本文選題：激光多普勒頻移　切入點：Fabry-Perot干涉儀　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：多普勒激光雷達是運動目標速度測量和大氣風場遙感的有力工具，根據(jù)工作原理其主要可分為直接探測多普勒激光雷達和相干探測多普勒激光雷達。這兩類多普勒激光雷達各自存在顯著優(yōu)勢的同時，各自也存在著難以克服的缺點。相干探測多普勒激光雷達由于其采用的探測方法對激光器線寬、頻率穩(wěn)定性以及光學對準的要求相當苛刻，使其難于在工程實踐中廣泛應(yīng)用；直接探測多普勒激光雷達受其邊緣濾波器透過率特性的限制，較難獲得到很高的測量精度和測量范圍。針對兩種多普勒激光雷達各自存在的問題，本文從以下兩個方面展開研究： 首先，本文提出了直接探測米散射多普勒測風激光雷達的配合型工作方式，并對其進行了理論研究。該直接探測多普勒激光雷達采用的是Fabry-Perot干涉儀雙邊緣技術(shù)，，其配合型工作方式是結(jié)合其自身的風速測量誤差分布特點，根據(jù)實際風速測量的需要，通過動態(tài)調(diào)整出射激光頻率在Fabry-Perot干涉儀透過率譜上的位置，來保證能始終利用Fabry-Perot干涉儀透過率曲線最高測量精度的部分對風速進行測量，從而達到提高測量精度、拓寬測量范圍的目的。 理論上證明，對于采用配合型工作方式的普通Fabry-Perot雙邊緣米散射直接探測多普勒測風激光雷達，其鑒頻系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)設(shè)計可以不必考慮風速測量范圍的限制來盡量提高測量精度，還可根據(jù)實際風速的需要調(diào)整自身的狀態(tài)來獲得最佳的測量結(jié)果。 理論上證明，利用配合型工作方式設(shè)計的一種特殊角度調(diào)諧Fabry-Perot雙邊緣米散射直接探測多普勒測風激光雷達，與普通Fabry-Perot雙邊緣米散射直接探測多普勒測風激光雷達相比，具有相同的最小測量誤差，但卻具有更小的測量誤差范圍，兩者的誤差范圍相差5.76倍。 其次，本文提出了一種新的多普勒頻移探測方法。該方法通過相位調(diào)制器使信號光在原有頻率成分（載波）的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生正負一階邊帶，再通過在Fabry-Perot干涉儀對載波和邊帶的振幅和相位進行調(diào)整，使載波與邊帶產(chǎn)生固定頻率的拍頻信號，利用此拍頻信號進行信號光多普勒頻移測量。由于產(chǎn)生此拍頻信號的光波是同一信號光的不同頻率成分，它們經(jīng)歷相同的時間和空間，且相干性不會因探測距離的增加而降低，所以無需過高要求系統(tǒng)的光學結(jié)構(gòu)和光源，自然可以獲得極高的拍頻效率，這就從根本上解決了相干探測方法存在的問題。 理論與實驗研究同時證明，信號光相位調(diào)制拍頻信號的振幅與相位參量都可以用來進行多普勒頻移測量；與Fabry-Perot干涉儀單邊緣技術(shù)相比，拍頻信號相位參量多普勒頻移測量方法的測量范圍提高了1倍，且無需對信號光進行能量檢測。 實驗上，實現(xiàn)了利用基于LabView可視化語言與數(shù)據(jù)采集卡的虛擬數(shù)字鎖相放大器，對相位調(diào)制拍頻信號的振幅與相位兩個多普勒鑒頻參量的提��；證明了相位調(diào)制拍頻信號振幅參量多普勒頻移測量方法比普通邊緣技術(shù)多普勒頻移測量方法具有更高的抗外界電磁干擾能力，當外界具有高電磁干擾時，此拍頻信號方法的測量精度可以比邊緣技術(shù)方法的測量精度高約10倍左右。 理論上，推導出相位調(diào)制拍頻信號多普勒頻移測量方法的測量誤差公式；其仿真結(jié)果與實驗結(jié)果相吻合；利用該公式獲得了此種多普勒頻移測量方法的最佳相位調(diào)制頻率值和相位調(diào)制深度值。
[Abstract]:Doppler laser radar moving target velocity is measured and a powerful tool for remote sensing of atmospheric wind field, according to the working principle of the main can be divided into direct detection and coherent Doppler lidar detection Doppler lidar. The two kinds of Doppler lidar exist significant advantages at the same time, each is also difficult to overcome the shortcomings of the Doppler laser coherent detection. Because of its use of radar detection method of laser linewidth, frequency stability and optical alignment requires very harsh, making it difficult to widely used in engineering practice; direct detection Doppler laser radar by the edge filter transmittance limit, is difficult to obtain very high measurement accuracy and measurement range. According to the two kinds of laser Doppler radar problems respectively, this paper study from the following two aspects:
First of all, is presented in this paper with the type of work mode of direct detection of Mie Doppler lidar, and has carried on the theoretical research. The direct detection Doppler laser radar using Fabry-Perot interferometer with double edge technique, the type of work is a combination of its own wind speed measurement error distribution characteristics, according to the actual needs of the wind the measurement, by dynamically adjusting the laser frequency in Fabry-Perot interferometer transmittance spectrum position, to ensure that always interferometer transmittance measurement accuracy curve highest part of the wind speed measured by Fabry-Perot, so as to improve the measurement accuracy, measurement range widening purposes.
Theoretically, the working way of ordinary Fabry-Perot type with double edge Mie scattering direct detection Doppler lidar, the design parameters of frequency discriminator can not consider the wind speed limits of the measurement range to improve the measurement accuracy, but also according to the actual needs of the wind speed to adjust their status to obtain the optimum result.
Theoretically, the direct detection Doppler wind lidar based on a special angle design mode tuned Fabry-Perot double edge scattering meter, compared with ordinary Fabry-Perot double edge Mie direct detection Doppler wind lidar has the same small measurement error, the measurement error range but has a smaller range of error, both a difference of 5.76 times.
Secondly, this paper proposes a new Doppler frequency shift detection method. This method through the phase modulator of the optical signals in the original frequency components (carrier) to generate positive and negative first-order sidebands on the basis of the Fabry-Perot interferometer in the amplitude and phase of carrier and sideband adjusted, so that the carrier and sideband to produce a beat frequency signal with a fixed frequency, the signal light Doppler shift measurement of beat signal. Because of the light from the beat signal is different frequency components of the same signal, they experience the same time and space, and not because of increased coherence detection distance decreases, so without excessive system requirements the optical structure and light source, can achieve high frequency efficiency, which fundamentally solves the problems of coherent detection method.
Theoretical and experimental studies also show that, the optical phase modulation signal amplitude and phase parameters of beat frequency signal can be used to measure the Doppler shift; compared with the Fabry-Perot interferometer single edge technique, the measuring range of the beat signal phase parameter Doppler frequency shift measurement method is improved by 1 times, and there is no need for the signal light energy detection.
In experiment, the use of virtual digital lock-in amplifier LabView visual language and data acquisition card based on the extraction of the phase modulation of the amplitude and phase of the beat frequency signal two Doppler frequency parameters; prove the phase modulation of beat signal amplitude parameters of Doppler frequency shift measurement method is better than ordinary edge technology Doppler shift measurement method has resistance to external electromagnetic interference ability is higher, when the outside world has high electromagnetic interference, the accuracy of the measurement method of the beat signal than the measurement accuracy method of edge technology is about 10 times higher.
Theoretically, the measurement error formula of Doppler shift measurement method for phase modulated beat signal is deduced theoretically. The simulation results coincide with the experimental results. By using this formula, the optimal phase modulation frequency and phase modulation depth value of the Doppler shift measurement method are obtained.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN958.98

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