本文選題：車載衛(wèi)星天線　切入點(diǎn)：自動(dòng)跟蹤　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著衛(wèi)星通信的快速發(fā)展以及人們對(duì)移動(dòng)通信需求的不斷提高,以傳輸多媒體寬帶數(shù)據(jù)為主的車載衛(wèi)星通信得到了人們的普遍關(guān)注。在車載衛(wèi)星通信系統(tǒng)中,天線的自動(dòng)跟蹤技術(shù)是保證通信質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵。本文針對(duì)天線自動(dòng)跟蹤的速度與精度問(wèn)題展開(kāi)了深入研究,提出了相應(yīng)的改進(jìn)算法。步進(jìn)跟蹤由于設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單,性能穩(wěn)定,被廣泛應(yīng)用于車載衛(wèi)星天線中。但是,由于步長(zhǎng)大小所引起的跟蹤速度和精度之間存在的矛盾,本文提出使用可變步長(zhǎng)的改進(jìn)算法：在遠(yuǎn)離目標(biāo)指向時(shí)步長(zhǎng)較大,跟蹤較快；在接近目標(biāo)指向時(shí)步長(zhǎng)較小,跟蹤較慢,但跟蹤精度較高。同時(shí),對(duì)于基本步進(jìn)跟蹤方法在車體運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中容易引起方向誤判等問(wèn)題,本文提出使用雙向搜索的工作方式基本能夠避免方向誤判的出現(xiàn)。此外,在一維步進(jìn)跟蹤算法改進(jìn)的基礎(chǔ)上,本文提出在二維步進(jìn)跟蹤過(guò)程中驅(qū)動(dòng)天線沿梯度方向調(diào)整方位角和俯仰角的工作方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)了三維立體空間內(nèi)天線指向?qū)δ繕?biāo)衛(wèi)星方向的快速逼近。相控陣天線的快速波束掃描能力是實(shí)現(xiàn)衛(wèi)星天線精確對(duì)準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)衛(wèi)星的核心。針對(duì)如何改善波束掃描的有效性和可靠性等問(wèn)題,本文提出一種基于擾動(dòng)隨機(jī)逼近(SPSA)的改進(jìn)算法。該算法利用均勻分布天線相鄰單元陣內(nèi)相位差相等的約束條件,有效估算了接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度關(guān)于相位差變化的梯度,調(diào)整移相器使相鄰單元相位差沿梯度方向變化,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)快速波束掃描與跟蹤。與多數(shù)一維俯仰面相位掃描不同,本文將改進(jìn)算法成功推廣應(yīng)用至方位面、俯仰面二維波束掃描,進(jìn)一步提高了天線的跟蹤效率。對(duì)改進(jìn)的步進(jìn)跟蹤與波束掃描算法,本文分別進(jìn)行了相關(guān)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析可知,改進(jìn)算法成功提高了車載衛(wèi)星天線的自動(dòng)跟蹤能力,實(shí)現(xiàn)了載體快速移動(dòng)中天線與目標(biāo)衛(wèi)星的正常通信。此外,關(guān)于步進(jìn)跟蹤與波束掃描的聯(lián)合跟蹤算法,本文亦進(jìn)行了相關(guān)原理與實(shí)驗(yàn)仿真分析,成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了二者的有效結(jié)合,完成了車載衛(wèi)星天線的自動(dòng)跟蹤過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of satellite communication and the increasing demand for mobile communication, the on-board satellite communication, which mainly transmits multimedia broadband data, has been paid more and more attention. The automatic tracking technology of antenna is the key to ensure the communication quality. In this paper, the speed and precision of antenna automatic tracking are studied in depth, and the corresponding improved algorithm is proposed. It is widely used in vehicle satellite antenna. However, due to the contradiction between tracking speed and precision caused by step size, an improved algorithm with variable step size is proposed in this paper: the step size is large and the tracking is faster when the target is far away from the target; When approaching the target, the step is smaller, the tracking is slower, but the tracking accuracy is higher. At the same time, the basic step tracking method is easy to cause the direction misjudgment in the course of the motion of the car body. In this paper, it is proposed that bidirectional search can basically avoid misjudgment of direction. In addition, based on the improvement of one-dimensional step tracking algorithm, In this paper, the working mode of adjusting the azimuth and pitch angle of the driving antenna along the gradient direction in the process of two dimensional step tracking is proposed. The fast approaching of antenna pointing to the target satellite direction in three-dimensional space is realized. The fast beam scanning ability of phased array antenna is the core of realizing the satellite antenna accurately pointing at the target satellite. In view of how to improve beam scanning, this paper discusses how to improve the beam scanning. On issues such as effectiveness and reliability, In this paper, an improved algorithm based on perturbation random approximation (SPSA) is proposed. By using the constraint condition of equal phase difference in the adjacent cell array of uniformly distributed antenna, the gradient of the received signal intensity with respect to the variation of phase difference is estimated effectively. The phase shifter is adjusted to change the phase difference of adjacent elements along the gradient direction, so that the fast beam scanning and tracking can be realized. Different from the phase scanning of most one-dimensional pitch planes, the improved algorithm is successfully extended to the azimuth plane. The tracking efficiency of the antenna is further improved by two dimensional beam scanning of pitch plane. The improved stepwise tracking and beam scanning algorithms are simulated separately in this paper. The improved algorithm successfully improves the automatic tracking ability of the satellite antenna, and realizes the normal communication between the antenna and the target satellite during the rapid moving of the carrier. In addition, the joint tracking algorithm for step tracking and beam scanning is proposed. This paper also carries on the correlation principle and the experiment simulation analysis, has realized the effective combination of the two successfully, has completed the vehicle satellite antenna automatic tracking process.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN828.5

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本文編號(hào)：1591251