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  本文選題：機載天線罩　切入點：頻率選擇表面　出處：《山東大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：頻率選擇表面(frequency selective surfaces,簡稱FSS)是指在一種沿一維或二維方向上周期性排布的金屬結構,它本身不吸收電磁能量,卻能有效控制電磁波的傳輸和反射特性,實質是一種空間濾波器。其在科學和工程等領域具有重要的應用價值,日益受到國內外研究人員的關注。 機載天線罩是機載雷達天線的保護裝置,作為飛機機體的一部分,要求維持氣動外形、承受飛行載荷、耐受飛行環(huán)境,同時作為雷達天線的電磁窗口,要求保證內部天線的正常工作。頻率選擇結構機載天線罩是在滿足上述功能的基礎上,通過在指定頻段上呈現(xiàn)“全金屬”特性,屏蔽內部天線系統(tǒng)的強散射,結合天線罩本身的流線型外形,滿足飛機整體的隱身需求。 本文對頻率選擇結構機載天線罩的電信設計與實現(xiàn)技術進行了研究。通過對不同類型頻率選擇表面(FSS)單元的尺寸、周期排布、層數(shù)等多參數(shù)下的頻響特性的形成機理、頻響特性和分析方法開展研究,找到適用于機載天線罩的具有較好的入射角和極化穩(wěn)定性的FSS單元。開展頻選結構天線罩的基本設計要素研究,提出了實現(xiàn)大入射角、恒定帶寬和穩(wěn)定極化的設計準則和抑制柵瓣的方法。針對機載天線罩的流線型外形特性和電性能指標要求,首先對天線罩的入射角分布和極化特性進行分析,通過FSS與介質加載結構的結合方式的研究,確定了雙層FSS/A型夾層介質加載結構,選用介電性能和力學性能優(yōu)良的復合材料,采用基于Floquet模式匹配法的有限元電磁場仿真分析軟件對FSS等效平板的頻響特性進行了設計仿真優(yōu)化,并將仿真結果與測試結果進行了比對,兩者具有較好的吻合性。采用FEM/PO混合算法軟件對頻選結構天線罩的通帶傳輸和方向圖特性以及阻帶截止特性進行了仿真計算,結果表明設計的頻選結構天線罩具有優(yōu)良的通帶高傳輸和低方向圖畸變以及阻帶高截止特性,在阻帶內實現(xiàn)了對天線系統(tǒng)的隱身效果。本文中使用的頻選結構天線罩高低頻混合算法軟件兼顧了計算效率和計算精度要求,具有極高的工程使用價值。 本文主要開展以下研究工作： 1、研究周期性FSS的分析方法,對不同類型頻率選擇表面單元的諧振頻率、頻率響應、帶寬特性進行分析比較,找出適合于機載天線罩的FSS單元形式、柵格排布方式和層數(shù)等參數(shù)； 2、開展頻率選擇結構天線罩基本設計要素研究,提出實現(xiàn)大入射角、恒定帶寬和穩(wěn)定極化的設計準則和抑制柵瓣的方法。 3、研究頻率選擇結構天線罩的設計流程,利用基于有限元法和物理光學法的混合仿真分析方法對頻率選擇結構天線罩的電性能進行仿真計算。
[Abstract]:Frequency selective surfaces (FSS) is a metal structure arranged periodically along one or two dimensional direction. It does not absorb electromagnetic energy, but it can effectively control the transmission and reflection characteristics of electromagnetic waves. Essential is a kind of space filter, which has important application value in science and engineering, and has been paid more and more attention by researchers at home and abroad. The airborne radome is the protective device of the airborne radar antenna. As a part of the aircraft body, it is required to maintain the aerodynamic shape, to withstand the flight load, to withstand the flight environment, and to act as the electromagnetic window of the radar antenna. It is necessary to ensure the normal operation of the internal antenna. On the basis of satisfying the above functions, the airborne radome with frequency selective structure can shield the strong scattering from the internal antenna system by presenting the "all metal" characteristic on the specified frequency band. Combined with the streamline shape of the radome itself, it can meet the stealth requirements of the aircraft as a whole. In this paper, the telecommunication design and implementation technology of frequency selective structure airborne radome is studied. The formation mechanism of frequency response characteristics of different types of frequency selective surface FSSs, such as size, periodic arrangement, number of layers and so on, is studied. The frequency response characteristics and analysis methods are studied, and the FSS elements with good incident angle and polarization stability are found for airborne radome. The basic design elements of frequency-selective structure radome are studied, and the realization of large incidence angle is proposed. The design criteria of constant bandwidth and stable polarization and the method of suppressing the gate lobe. According to the streamline shape characteristics and electrical performance requirements of the airborne radome, the incident angle distribution and polarization characteristics of the radome are analyzed. Through the study of the combination of FSS and dielectric loading structure, the double layer FSS/A sandwich dielectric loading structure was determined. The composite with excellent dielectric and mechanical properties was selected. The frequency response characteristics of FSS equivalent plate are simulated and optimized by using the finite element electromagnetic field simulation software based on Floquet pattern matching method, and the simulation results are compared with the test results. The FEM/PO hybrid algorithm software is used to simulate the passband transmission, pattern characteristics and stopband cut-off characteristics of the frequency-selective structure radome. The results show that the designed frequency selective structure radome has excellent passband high transmission, low pattern distortion and stopband high cut-off characteristics. The stealthy effect of antenna system is realized in the stopband. The high and low frequency hybrid algorithm software of frequency selective structure radome is used in this paper, which takes into account the requirements of calculation efficiency and accuracy, and has high engineering application value. This paper mainly carries out the following research work:. 1. The analysis method of periodic FSS is studied. The resonant frequency, frequency response and bandwidth characteristics of different types of frequency selective surface elements are analyzed and compared, and the FSS element forms suitable for airborne radome are found out. Grid layout mode and layer number and other parameters; 2. The basic design elements of frequency selective structure radome are studied, and the design criteria of large incident angle, constant bandwidth and stable polarization and the method of suppressing gate lobe are proposed. 3. The design flow of frequency selective structure radome is studied, and the electric performance of frequency selective structure radome is simulated by the hybrid simulation analysis method based on finite element method and physical optics method.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN820.81

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本文編號：1586201