本文選題：城市車聯(lián)網(wǎng)　切入點(diǎn)：廣播協(xié)議　出處：《東北大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著時(shí)代不斷的發(fā)展,車輛早已成為了人們?nèi)粘３鲂械慕煌üぞ�。然�?車輛在帶給人們便利的同時(shí),也帶來了許多困擾。在遇到緊急事故的情況下,由于人類大腦反應(yīng)時(shí)間有限,處理不及時(shí)而帶來交通事故。因此,如何快速的傳遞緊急消息、延長(zhǎng)駕駛員反應(yīng)時(shí)間是目前車聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究的熱點(diǎn)。本文針對(duì)具有直路和交叉路口的城市道路環(huán)境下緊急消息的傳輸,提出城市車聯(lián)網(wǎng)多跳廣播協(xié)議(Urban VANET Multi-hop Broadcast Protocol, UVMBP),該協(xié)議在缺少節(jié)點(diǎn)拓?fù)湫畔�、�?jié)點(diǎn)密度等參數(shù)的條件下,針對(duì)發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)位置的不同提出三種緊急消息的廣播策略：首先,針對(duì)緊急消息的第一跳傳輸,采用發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)直接廣播緊急消息,接收節(jié)點(diǎn)在接收到緊急消息后,經(jīng)過一系列的迭代過程,最終選出一個(gè)距離發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)最遠(yuǎn)的區(qū)域,在該區(qū)域內(nèi)通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廣播RTS (Request To Send)幀的方式選出一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)作為緊急消息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn),完成第一跳廣播的過程；其次,針對(duì)緊急消息在直路上單向傳輸,采用RTS/CTS (Clear To Send)幀握手的方式,發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)首先發(fā)送RTS幀,接收節(jié)點(diǎn)在收到RTS幀后,經(jīng)過一系列的迭代過程選擇一個(gè)距離發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)最遠(yuǎn)的區(qū)域,處于該區(qū)域內(nèi)的接收節(jié)點(diǎn)通過競(jìng)爭(zhēng)回復(fù)CTS幀的方式選出一個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)作為緊急消息轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn),發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)在收到CTS幀后廣播緊急消息,從而完成緊急消息的一跳傳輸過程；第三,針對(duì)緊急消息在交叉路口位置的多向傳輸,采用與緊急消息的第一跳廣播相似的方式,完成節(jié)點(diǎn)位于交叉路口環(huán)境下的廣播過程。通過對(duì)比目前車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中比較流行的幾個(gè)算法,UVMBP在直路上和交叉路口環(huán)境下的平均一跳時(shí)延、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)節(jié)點(diǎn)與發(fā)送節(jié)點(diǎn)的平均距離、緊急消息的傳輸速率、幀的交付率等性能都要好于流行的算法。因此,UVMBP更加適用于城市車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中緊急消息的廣播過程。
[Abstract]:With the development of the times, the vehicle has already become the daily transportation. However, the vehicle not only brings convenience to people, but also brings a lot of troubles. In the case of an emergency, Due to the limited reaction time of human brain and the failure to deal with the traffic accidents in time, so how to transmit the emergency message quickly, Prolonging driver's reaction time is a hot topic in the research of vehicle networking. This paper aims at the transmission of emergency message in urban road environment with straight road and intersection. In this paper, Urban VANET Multi-hop Broadcast Protocol (UVMBP) is proposed. In the absence of node topology information and node density, three kinds of emergency message broadcasting strategies are proposed for different location of sending nodes. For the first hop transmission of the emergency message, the sending node is used to broadcast the emergency message directly. After receiving the emergency message, the receiving node, after a series of iterative processes, finally selects a region farthest from the sending node. In this region, a node is selected as an emergency message forwarding node by competing for broadcasting RTS request to send frame, which completes the process of first hop broadcast. Secondly, the emergency message is transmitted one-way on the direct route. Using the method of RTS/CTS clear to send frame handshake, the sending node first sends the RTS frame. After receiving the RTS frame, the receiving node selects a region farthest from the sending node after a series of iterations. The receiving node in the region selects a node as an emergency message forwarding node by competing to reply to the CTS frame, and the sending node broadcasts the emergency message after receiving the CTS frame, thus accomplishing the one-hop transmission process of the emergency message. For the multidirectional transmission of emergency messages at intersections, an approach similar to the first-hop broadcast of emergency messages is adopted. The broadcast process of nodes in intersection environment is completed. The average one-hop delay of UVMBP and the average distance between forwarding node and transmitting node are compared by comparing several popular algorithms in vehicle networking at present, such as the average one-hop delay of UVMBP in the environment of straight road and intersection, and the average distance between the forwarding node and the transmitting node. The transmission rate and frame delivery rate of emergency messages are better than those of popular algorithms, so UVMBP is more suitable for the broadcast of emergency messages in urban vehicle networks.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：U495;TN929.5;TP391.44

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本文編號(hào)：1584375