本文選題：無(wú)線多媒傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)　切入點(diǎn)：服務(wù)質(zhì)量保障　出處：《河北工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：低成本硬件如CMOS攝像機(jī)、麥克風(fēng)在無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WSN）的可用性，推進(jìn)了無(wú)線多媒體傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（WMSNs）的發(fā)展。資源受限的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)需檢測(cè)包括音/視頻、圖像等多媒體數(shù)據(jù)及標(biāo)量傳感數(shù)據(jù)并為這些數(shù)據(jù)提供服務(wù)質(zhì)量保障，面臨巨大挑戰(zhàn)。利用服務(wù)區(qū)分方法按應(yīng)用需求進(jìn)行業(yè)務(wù)分類，保障優(yōu)先級(jí)更高的業(yè)務(wù)擁有更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源進(jìn)行服務(wù)；利用跨層聯(lián)合優(yōu)化高效利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，充分利用各層可利用的參數(shù)及技術(shù)更好的提供WMSNs服務(wù)質(zhì)量保障。本文利用服務(wù)區(qū)分方法和跨層優(yōu)化方法對(duì)WMSNs進(jìn)行服務(wù)質(zhì)量保障，所做的主要工作如下： 基于扁平網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)期限要求進(jìn)行服務(wù)區(qū)分，結(jié)合物理層、MAC層和網(wǎng)絡(luò)層聯(lián)合優(yōu)化，提出能效、實(shí)時(shí)保障的通信機(jī)制。按接收信號(hào)強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行分層，發(fā)送端按每跳延遲期限結(jié)合節(jié)點(diǎn)能量進(jìn)行優(yōu)先級(jí)排隊(duì)，采用輪詢爭(zhēng)用的實(shí)時(shí)MAC轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)，接收端根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)速度、能效競(jìng)爭(zhēng)接收數(shù)據(jù)，轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)過(guò)程中進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的許可控制、盡早丟棄逾期數(shù)據(jù)，有效控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載避免擁塞。仿真結(jié)果表明能提供更高的投遞率和吞吐量，有效的降低了節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗，延長(zhǎng)了網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存周期。 基于分層網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，聯(lián)合優(yōu)化物理層、MAC層和網(wǎng)絡(luò)層，建立了有效跨層參數(shù)的WMSNs服務(wù)質(zhì)量保障路由模型，提出多蟻群多路徑路由算法，利用多蟻群算法尋找滿足度量的最優(yōu)路由。利用分簇螞蟻處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)的可擴(kuò)展性，處理節(jié)點(diǎn)能量持續(xù)問(wèn)題；前向螞蟻、反饋螞蟻以及視頻螞蟻分別用于最優(yōu)路徑及視頻傳輸；維護(hù)螞蟻處理?yè)砣麊?wèn)題和鏈路失效問(wèn)題，多種群螞蟻分工合作。滿足應(yīng)用需求的路徑利用增強(qiáng)因子積累更多信息素吸引更多同類螞蟻，相反揮發(fā)信息素避免螞蟻到達(dá)。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，新的路由算法有效的保障了WMSNs的多個(gè)QoS度量。 基于樹(shù)形網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)提供的業(yè)務(wù)劃分優(yōu)先級(jí)，結(jié)合MAC層、傳輸層聯(lián)合優(yōu)化，提出新的擁塞控制方法。擁塞指示結(jié)合節(jié)點(diǎn)剩余緩存檢測(cè)擁塞，MAC層中信道訪問(wèn)時(shí)為不同業(yè)務(wù)分配不同的控制報(bào)文，保證高優(yōu)先級(jí)業(yè)務(wù)快速訪問(wèn)信道、拒絕低優(yōu)先級(jí)業(yè)務(wù)訪問(wèn)，，有效降低局部擁塞的同時(shí)保障高優(yōu)先級(jí)業(yè)務(wù)的QoS需求；測(cè)量Sink及父節(jié)點(diǎn)的速率誤差按業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)先級(jí)調(diào)節(jié)業(yè)務(wù)速率進(jìn)行全局擁塞的控制。仿真結(jié)果表明，新方法能在隨機(jī)服務(wù)時(shí)間、節(jié)點(diǎn)失效的情況下獲得比CCF、PCCP更優(yōu)的吞吐量、延遲，保障了優(yōu)先級(jí)高的業(yè)務(wù)優(yōu)先享受網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源獲得更好性能。
[Abstract]:Low-cost hardware such as CMOS cameras, the availability of microphones in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has pushed forward the development of wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). Sensor nodes with limited resources need to be detected, including audio / video. Multimedia data and scalar sensing data, such as images, and providing quality of service (QoS) guarantee for these data face great challenges. To ensure that higher priority services have more network resources for service, cross-layer joint optimization and efficient use of network resources, Make full use of the parameters and technologies available in each layer to provide better WMSNs quality of service assurance. In this paper, we use the method of service differentiation and cross-layer optimization to guarantee the quality of service of WMSNs. The main work is as follows:. Based on flat network structure, service differentiation according to deadline requirement, combined with physical layer MAC layer and network layer, the communication mechanism of energy efficiency and real-time guarantee is proposed. The sender queue according to the delay duration of each hop combined with the node energy, adopts the real-time MAC to transmit the data, and the receiver competes to receive the data according to the forwarding speed, energy efficiency, and carries on the simple permission control in the process of forwarding. The simulation results show that it can provide higher delivery rate and throughput, reduce node energy consumption effectively, and prolong the network lifetime. Based on the hierarchical network structure, the physical layer MAC layer and the network layer are jointly optimized, the WMSNs QoS routing model with effective cross-layer parameters is established, and the multi-ant colony multi-path routing algorithm is proposed. Multi-ant colony algorithm is used to find the optimal route to meet the measurement. Cluster ant is used to deal with the scalability of the network and to deal with the problem of node energy persistence. The forward ant, feedback ant and video ant are used for the optimal path and video transmission, respectively. Maintenance ants deal with congestion and link failure, multi-colony ants work together. Paths that meet application requirements use enhancement factors to accumulate more pheromones to attract more ants of the same kind. The simulation results show that the new routing algorithm can effectively guarantee the multiple QoS metrics of WMSNs. Based on the tree network structure, the service provided by sensor nodes is prioritized, and combined with MAC layer, the transport layer is optimized. A new congestion control method is proposed, in which congestion indication combines with node residual buffer to detect channel access in congested MAC layer, which assigns different control packets to different services to ensure fast access to the channel for high-priority services and deny access to low-priority services. It can effectively reduce the local congestion and guarantee the QoS requirement of high-priority traffic, and measure the rate error of Sink and its parent node to control the global congestion according to the traffic priority. The simulation results show that the new method can control the global congestion at random service time. In the case of node failure, the throughput and delay are better than that of CCFN PCCP, which ensures that the high priority services enjoy better network resource performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN919.8

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