本文關鍵詞： 無線傳感器網絡 定位算法 定位系統(tǒng) TDOA 超聲波信號　出處：《昆明理工大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：節(jié)點定位問題是無線傳感器網絡(WSN)面臨的一個難點,科技的發(fā)展與進步使得對無線傳感器網絡定位的要求也與日俱增。沒有合理的定位技術,無線傳感器網絡的應用范圍將受到極大的限制,目前改進定位技術突破點體現在改進節(jié)點硬件設計以及定位算法兩方面。 本論文先講述了無線傳感器網絡的發(fā)展歷程,對無線傳感器網絡的各方面進行綜合分析研究。經歷多年的研究探索,無線傳感器網絡的定位技術主要分為兩大類：“非測距”和“測距”。通過對這兩類定位算法進行全面分析、比較,最后在測距類的定位技術領域中,對TDOA定位系統(tǒng)進行研究。 本論文利用TDOA原理設計一種定位方法,通過Matlab仿真結果證明其有效性。為驗證本論文提出的TDOA定位方法在硬件平臺上運行具有有效性,同時考慮到TDOA定位方法中擁有兩種不同的定位模式,設計了一種基于TDOA的無線傳感器網絡定位系統(tǒng)SNC_Micaz,并通過SNC_Micaz定位系統(tǒng)測試了三邊定位算法。 本論文的主要工作分為兩部分： 第一部分：本論文提出一種改進的PSO算法與Taylor算法協同定位的TDOA定位方法。在不同噪聲下,將現有的CHAN算法、Taylor算法、PSO算法、SelPSO算法(基于自然選擇機理的PSO算法)進行比較,通過MATLAB仿真驗證：本論文提出的TDOA定位方法用于提高定位精度是否具有可行性,同時算法的收斂速度是否高于其他幾種算法。 第二部分：為驗證第一部分工作中提出的協同定位算法,使用TDOA定位原理,本論文設計了一種定位系統(tǒng)SNC_Micaz。為追求高精度的定位效果,使用超聲波信號和RF信號到達時間差的TDOA方式設計硬件,并在設計的硬件平臺上測試三邊定位算法。 實驗結果表明：本論文設計的定位算法在定位精度,以及收斂性上都有明顯的效果,證明了本論文提出的定位算法的有效性,在本論文設計的硬件平臺上實現厘米精度的節(jié)點定位,表明硬件平臺的實用的價值,可以作為本論文設計的TDOA定位算法驗證的硬件平臺。
[Abstract]:The problem of node localization is a difficult problem for WSNs. With the development of science and technology, the demand for wireless sensor network localization is increasing day by day. The application scope of wireless sensor networks will be greatly limited. At present, the breakthrough of improved localization technology lies in the improvement of node hardware design and localization algorithm. This paper first describes the development of wireless sensor networks, comprehensive analysis of all aspects of wireless sensor networks. The localization technology of wireless sensor networks is divided into two main categories: "non-ranging" and "ranging". Through the comprehensive analysis and comparison of these two kinds of localization algorithms, the TDOA positioning system is studied in the field of location technology. In this paper, a positioning method is designed based on the principle of TDOA, and its validity is proved by Matlab simulation results. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed TDOA positioning method on the hardware platform, Considering that there are two different localization modes in the TDOA localization method, a wireless sensor network location system based on TDOA is designed, and the triangulation algorithm is tested through the SNC_Micaz localization system. The main work of this thesis is divided into two parts:. Part one: this paper presents an improved TDOA localization method based on PSO algorithm and Taylor algorithm. Under different noises, the existing CHAN algorithm, PSO algorithm, is compared with that of PSO algorithm based on natural selection mechanism. MATLAB simulation shows whether the proposed TDOA localization method is feasible to improve the positioning accuracy and whether the convergence rate of the algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms. The second part: in order to verify the cooperative localization algorithm proposed in the first part, using the principle of TDOA localization, this paper designs a positioning system named SNC Micaz. in order to pursue the high precision localization effect, The hardware is designed by using the TDOA mode of the time difference of arrival between ultrasonic signal and RF signal, and the triangulation algorithm is tested on the designed hardware platform. The experimental results show that the localization algorithm designed in this paper has obvious effect on localization accuracy and convergence, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed localization algorithm in this paper. The node location with centimeter precision is realized on the hardware platform designed in this paper, which shows the practical value of the hardware platform and can be used as the hardware platform for the verification of the TDOA localization algorithm designed in this paper.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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