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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 定位算法 定位系統(tǒng) TDOA 超聲波信號　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：節(jié)點(diǎn)定位問題是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN)面臨的一個難點(diǎn),科技的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步使得對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位的要求也與日俱增。沒有合理的定位技術(shù),無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用范圍將受到極大的限制,目前改進(jìn)定位技術(shù)突破點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在改進(jìn)節(jié)點(diǎn)硬件設(shè)計以及定位算法兩方面。 本論文先講述了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展歷程,對無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的各方面進(jìn)行綜合分析研究。經(jīng)歷多年的研究探索,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定位技術(shù)主要分為兩大類：“非測距”和“測距”。通過對這兩類定位算法進(jìn)行全面分析、比較,最后在測距類的定位技術(shù)領(lǐng)域中,對TDOA定位系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。 本論文利用TDOA原理設(shè)計一種定位方法,通過Matlab仿真結(jié)果證明其有效性。為驗(yàn)證本論文提出的TDOA定位方法在硬件平臺上運(yùn)行具有有效性,同時考慮到TDOA定位方法中擁有兩種不同的定位模式,設(shè)計了一種基于TDOA的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)定位系統(tǒng)SNC_Micaz,并通過SNC_Micaz定位系統(tǒng)測試了三邊定位算法。 本論文的主要工作分為兩部分： 第一部分：本論文提出一種改進(jìn)的PSO算法與Taylor算法協(xié)同定位的TDOA定位方法。在不同噪聲下,將現(xiàn)有的CHAN算法、Taylor算法、PSO算法、SelPSO算法(基于自然選擇機(jī)理的PSO算法)進(jìn)行比較,通過MATLAB仿真驗(yàn)證：本論文提出的TDOA定位方法用于提高定位精度是否具有可行性,同時算法的收斂速度是否高于其他幾種算法。 第二部分：為驗(yàn)證第一部分工作中提出的協(xié)同定位算法,使用TDOA定位原理,本論文設(shè)計了一種定位系統(tǒng)SNC_Micaz。為追求高精度的定位效果,使用超聲波信號和RF信號到達(dá)時間差的TDOA方式設(shè)計硬件,并在設(shè)計的硬件平臺上測試三邊定位算法。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：本論文設(shè)計的定位算法在定位精度,以及收斂性上都有明顯的效果,證明了本論文提出的定位算法的有效性,在本論文設(shè)計的硬件平臺上實(shí)現(xiàn)厘米精度的節(jié)點(diǎn)定位,表明硬件平臺的實(shí)用的價值,可以作為本論文設(shè)計的TDOA定位算法驗(yàn)證的硬件平臺。
[Abstract]:The problem of node localization is a difficult problem for WSNs. With the development of science and technology, the demand for wireless sensor network localization is increasing day by day. The application scope of wireless sensor networks will be greatly limited. At present, the breakthrough of improved localization technology lies in the improvement of node hardware design and localization algorithm. This paper first describes the development of wireless sensor networks, comprehensive analysis of all aspects of wireless sensor networks. The localization technology of wireless sensor networks is divided into two main categories: "non-ranging" and "ranging". Through the comprehensive analysis and comparison of these two kinds of localization algorithms, the TDOA positioning system is studied in the field of location technology. In this paper, a positioning method is designed based on the principle of TDOA, and its validity is proved by Matlab simulation results. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed TDOA positioning method on the hardware platform, Considering that there are two different localization modes in the TDOA localization method, a wireless sensor network location system based on TDOA is designed, and the triangulation algorithm is tested through the SNC_Micaz localization system. The main work of this thesis is divided into two parts:. Part one: this paper presents an improved TDOA localization method based on PSO algorithm and Taylor algorithm. Under different noises, the existing CHAN algorithm, PSO algorithm, is compared with that of PSO algorithm based on natural selection mechanism. MATLAB simulation shows whether the proposed TDOA localization method is feasible to improve the positioning accuracy and whether the convergence rate of the algorithm is higher than that of other algorithms. The second part: in order to verify the cooperative localization algorithm proposed in the first part, using the principle of TDOA localization, this paper designs a positioning system named SNC Micaz. in order to pursue the high precision localization effect, The hardware is designed by using the TDOA mode of the time difference of arrival between ultrasonic signal and RF signal, and the triangulation algorithm is tested on the designed hardware platform. The experimental results show that the localization algorithm designed in this paper has obvious effect on localization accuracy and convergence, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed localization algorithm in this paper. The node location with centimeter precision is realized on the hardware platform designed in this paper, which shows the practical value of the hardware platform and can be used as the hardware platform for the verification of the TDOA localization algorithm designed in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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