本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電磁隱身 雷達(dá)散射截面 天線的雷達(dá)散射截面減縮 準(zhǔn)八木天線 寬頻復(fù)合吸波材料　出處：《西安電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在電子信息技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展的今天,世界各國(guó)都已參與到各種隱身技術(shù)的研究之中以提高武器裝備和參戰(zhàn)人員的戰(zhàn)斗能力和生存能力,從而滿足現(xiàn)代軍事競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的高技術(shù)化要求。近幾年來(lái)世界各國(guó)特別是美國(guó)、法國(guó)、俄國(guó)等軍事大國(guó)都紛紛加強(qiáng)在了隱身技術(shù)方面的研究力度。天線是接收和發(fā)射電磁波的裝置,它作為武器平臺(tái)上必不可少的設(shè)備之一,同時(shí)又是引起散射的重要因素,因此,研究天線在保證良好輻射性能的同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)隱身是一個(gè)重要且復(fù)雜的課題。準(zhǔn)八木天線是一種平面微帶結(jié)構(gòu)的天線,它既繼承了傳統(tǒng)八木天線增益高、頻帶寬、方向性好、成本低等優(yōu)點(diǎn),同時(shí)又具有體積小、結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、低剖面、易于集成等特性,目前已得到廣泛應(yīng)用。此外,由于準(zhǔn)八木天線的鏡面輻射方向與最大輻射方向垂直,能夠使天線同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)良好的輻射和散射性能而成為低雷達(dá)截面(RCS)雷達(dá)相控陣天線的優(yōu)選方案。隨著電磁隱身技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,目標(biāo)識(shí)別與雷達(dá)偵測(cè)技術(shù)正朝著寬頻帶的方向發(fā)展,與之相對(duì)的雷達(dá)隱身技術(shù)也需要滿足寬頻帶的要求,因此,對(duì)準(zhǔn)八木天線的RCS減縮的研究具有著非常重大的軍事意義和發(fā)展?jié)摿�。本文介紹了準(zhǔn)八木天線的理論分析及設(shè)計(jì)方法,在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了一款工作在5GHz-8GHz的準(zhǔn)八木天線,將該天線作為參考天線,在其基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用劍形振子和Koch分形的方法對(duì)準(zhǔn)八木天線的引向器和有源振子進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),然后根據(jù)天線地板上的電流在輻射狀態(tài)和散射狀態(tài)下的不同分布情況,對(duì)準(zhǔn)八木天線的地板進(jìn)行有目的的剪切,設(shè)計(jì)了一款具有低RCS的準(zhǔn)八木天線。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)加載反射板的準(zhǔn)八木天線的RCS減縮,考慮用加載吸波材料的方法,傳統(tǒng)的吸波材料由于吸波帶寬較窄而不能覆蓋準(zhǔn)八木天線的工作頻帶,因而單獨(dú)使用傳統(tǒng)的吸波材料難以實(shí)現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)八木天線在整個(gè)工作頻帶內(nèi)的RCS減縮。為了解決這一問題,本文將頻率選擇表面(FSS)應(yīng)用到吸波材料的設(shè)計(jì)中來(lái),實(shí)現(xiàn)了一款加載FSS的復(fù)合型寬頻帶吸波材料,該復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)吸波材料比傳統(tǒng)吸波材料的吸波帶寬和吸波性能有了很大的提高。將上述加載FSS的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)吸波材料用于代替準(zhǔn)八木天線的金屬反射板。在平面波垂直照射下,相比于應(yīng)用金屬反射板的準(zhǔn)八木天線,應(yīng)用加載FSS的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)吸波材料作為反射板的準(zhǔn)八木天線在包括工作頻帶在內(nèi)的頻段內(nèi)實(shí)現(xiàn)了良好的RCS減縮效果。在天線RCS得到減縮的同時(shí),天線的輻射性能并沒有受到破壞,實(shí)驗(yàn)和仿真結(jié)果證明了這種應(yīng)用復(fù)合寬頻吸波材料對(duì)準(zhǔn)八木天線的RCS進(jìn)行減縮的有效性。
[Abstract]:Today, with the rapid development of electronic information technology, all countries in the world have participated in the research of various stealth technologies in order to improve the combat ability and survivability of weapons, equipment and combat personnel. In recent years, all the countries in the world, especially the United States, France and Russia, have strengthened their research efforts in stealth technology. The antenna is a device for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic waves. As one of the indispensable equipment on the weapon platform, it is also an important factor of scattering. It is an important and complex task to study antenna stealth while ensuring good radiation performance. Quasi-Yagi antenna is a kind of planar microstrip antenna, which inherits the traditional Yagi antenna with high gain, high frequency bandwidth and good directivity. Due to its advantages of low cost, small size, simple structure, low profile and easy integration, it has been widely used. In addition, the direction of mirror radiation is perpendicular to the maximum radiation direction. It can make the antenna achieve good radiation and scattering performance at the same time and become the optimal scheme of low radar cross section radar phased array antenna. With the development of electromagnetic stealth technology, The technology of target recognition and radar detection is developing in the direction of wide band. The relative stealth technology of radar also needs to meet the requirement of wide band. The study of RCS reduction for Yagi antenna is of great military significance and potential for development. This paper introduces the theoretical analysis and design method of the quasi Yagi antenna, and designs a quasi Yagi antenna working at 5GHz to 8GHz. The antenna is used as the reference antenna, and the sword-shaped dipole and Koch fractal method are used to improve the direction guide and active dipole of Yagi antenna. Then according to the different distribution of the current on the antenna floor under the radiation state and the scattering state, the Yagi antenna floor is shearing purposefully. In this paper, a quasi-octagonal antenna with low RCS is designed. In order to reduce the RCS of the quasi-octagonal antenna loaded with reflector, the method of loading absorbing material is considered. Because the traditional absorbing material can not cover the working band of the quasi yagi antenna because of its narrow absorbing bandwidth, it is difficult to reduce the RCS of the quasi yagi antenna in the whole working band by using the traditional absorbing material alone. In order to solve this problem, In this paper, the frequency selective surface (FSS) is applied to the design of absorbing materials, and a composite broadband absorbing material loaded with FSS is realized. Compared with the traditional absorbing materials, the absorbing bandwidth and absorbing performance of the composite structure absorbing material are greatly improved. The composite structure absorbing material loaded with FSS is used to replace the metal reflector plate of the quasi Yagi antenna. Under the vertical irradiation of plane wave, the composite structure absorber material is used to replace the metal reflector plate of the quasi Yagi antenna. Compared to quasi-octagonal antennas using metal reflectors, Using the composite structure absorbing material loaded with FSS as the reflector, the quasi-octagonal antenna achieves a good RCS reduction effect in the frequency band, including the working frequency band. While the antenna RCS is reduced, the radiation performance of the antenna is not destroyed. The experimental and simulation results show the effectiveness of using the composite broadband absorbing material to reduce the RCS of Yagi antenna.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN823.17

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