本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 通信協(xié)議棧 實(shí)時(shí)野外監(jiān)測(cè)　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：根據(jù)項(xiàng)目的需求,我們項(xiàng)目組準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)發(fā)一種用于野外環(huán)境下監(jiān)測(cè)移動(dòng)目標(biāo)的無(wú)人值守網(wǎng)絡(luò)化傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng),該系統(tǒng)節(jié)點(diǎn)應(yīng)該具備易布設(shè)、無(wú)人值守、隱蔽性強(qiáng)、小型化、感知能力強(qiáng)、能耗低等特點(diǎn),不能直接將傳統(tǒng)的TCP/IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧應(yīng)用到本項(xiàng)目,而需要開(kāi)發(fā)適合無(wú)人值守網(wǎng)絡(luò)化傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用方式的協(xié)議棧。本課題分兩階段,第一階段主要在理論研究學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)上完成工程實(shí)踐,著重解決節(jié)點(diǎn)之間能夠正常通信,完成節(jié)點(diǎn)間多跳路由數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)功能,末端傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)采集數(shù)據(jù)后能將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)到后端的問(wèn)題;第二階段著重解決代碼短小、資源占用量低、可移植性好、運(yùn)行效率高,能夠長(zhǎng)時(shí)間穩(wěn)定可靠工作,并支持未來(lái)協(xié)議擴(kuò)展的靈活而高效的傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧的問(wèn)題。本文主要就第一階段進(jìn)行闡述。本文根據(jù)項(xiàng)目的具體需要和無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用特點(diǎn),完成了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議棧的總體架構(gòu)和詳細(xì)的分層設(shè)計(jì)方案,無(wú)人值守網(wǎng)絡(luò)化傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)采用分層的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)由前端負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)采集的采集層網(wǎng)絡(luò),負(fù)責(zé)信息匯聚傳輸?shù)慕尤雽泳W(wǎng)絡(luò)這層網(wǎng)絡(luò)和后端信息應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)組成。采集層網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要由匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)和大量的傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成;接入層網(wǎng)絡(luò)完成傳感網(wǎng)和IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換適配,將采集層的數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)IP方式傳輸?shù)胶蠖?這層由負(fù)責(zé)統(tǒng)管前端傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn)和負(fù)責(zé)與后端接入的接入節(jié)點(diǎn)組成;后端信息應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)為用戶提供目標(biāo)信息,這部分由運(yùn)行TCP/IP協(xié)議的終端組成,這些終端通過(guò)各種遠(yuǎn)程通信方式,遠(yuǎn)距離即可獲取傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)感知采集的目標(biāo)信息。本文最后在具體平臺(tái)上完成了無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用的工程實(shí)踐。在TI公司的ARM+DSP架構(gòu)的OMAP_L138硬件平臺(tái)和開(kāi)源linux操作系統(tǒng)軟件平臺(tái)上,通過(guò)軟件編程實(shí)現(xiàn)了接入層網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)點(diǎn)協(xié)議棧鏈路層及以上功能,根據(jù)本文論述的無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的需求進(jìn)行了網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧的測(cè)試,并在野外進(jìn)行了小規(guī)模組網(wǎng)試驗(yàn),節(jié)點(diǎn)之間能夠正常通信,能夠適應(yīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涞淖兓?當(dāng)節(jié)點(diǎn)位置變化或節(jié)點(diǎn)死亡導(dǎo)致鏈路斷開(kāi)時(shí),節(jié)點(diǎn)之間能夠重新找到通往后端的新路由,實(shí)現(xiàn)路由的更新和維護(hù)。無(wú)線傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)能將移動(dòng)目標(biāo)的圖片拍照傳回后端管理應(yīng)用終端,代替人類(lèi)完成實(shí)時(shí)野外監(jiān)測(cè)的繁重勞動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:According to the requirements of the project, our project team is going to develop an unattended networked sensor network system for monitoring moving targets in the field. The nodes of the system should be easy to set up, unattended, hidden and miniaturized. Because of its strong perception and low energy consumption, the traditional TCP/IP protocol stack can not be directly applied to this project. Instead, it is necessary to develop a protocol stack suitable for the application of unattended networked sensor networks. In the first stage, the engineering practice is completed on the basis of theoretical research and study, which focuses on solving the problem of normal communication between nodes, and accomplishing the function of multi-hop routing data forwarding between nodes. The terminal sensor node can transmit the data to the back end after collecting the data. The second stage focuses on solving the problem of short code, low resource consumption, good portability, high running efficiency, and can work stably and reliably for a long time. And support the problem of flexible and efficient sensor network protocol stack for future protocol extension. This paper mainly describes the first stage. According to the specific needs of the project and the characteristics of wireless sensor network application, The overall structure of wireless sensor network communication protocol stack and the detailed hierarchical design scheme are completed. The unattended networked sensor network system is designed with layered network structure. The whole network is composed of a collection layer network which is responsible for data acquisition in front end. The access layer network, which is responsible for information gathering and transmission, and the back-end information application system are composed of gathering nodes and a large number of sensor nodes, and the access layer network completes the conversion and adaptation between the sensor network and the IP network. The data of the collection layer is transmitted to the back end by IP mode. This layer is composed of the convergent node responsible for managing the sensor nodes in the front end and the access node responsible for accessing with the back end, and the back-end information application system is responsible for providing the target information for the user. This part consists of terminals running the TCP/IP protocol, which use a variety of remote communication methods. The target information collected by sensor nodes can be obtained from a long distance. Finally, the engineering practice of wireless sensor network application is completed on the concrete platform. OMAP_L138 hardware platform and open source linux operation based on ARM DSP architecture of TI company. On the system software platform, The link layer and above functions of the access layer network node protocol stack are realized by software programming. According to the requirements of the wireless sensor network system discussed in this paper, the network protocol stack is tested, and a small-scale networking test is carried out in the field. Nodes can communicate normally and adapt to the change of network topology. When the link is disconnected due to the change of node position or node death, the new route to the back end can be re-found between nodes. Wireless sensor nodes can send pictures of moving targets back to the back-end management application terminal instead of the heavy work of real-time field monitoring.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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本文編號(hào)：1550781