本文關(guān)鍵詞： 頻率可重構(gòu)天線 方向圖可重構(gòu)天線 衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航天線 微電子機械系統(tǒng)(MEMS) 仿真　出處：《北京郵電大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文針對“十一五”微電子預(yù)研和北斗GNSS衛(wèi)星定位導(dǎo)航基金等科研項目的要求,圍繞天線設(shè)計的幾個熱點問題,諸如可重構(gòu)、多頻段和小型化等,對可重構(gòu)天線和多頻導(dǎo)航接收天線展開了理論和模擬仿真研究。其中,可重構(gòu)天線相關(guān)研究以探尋頻率重構(gòu)方法和方向圖重構(gòu)方法為目的,創(chuàng)新性的設(shè)計了微帶貼片天線的結(jié)構(gòu),提出相同形狀天線圖案的嵌套式設(shè)計方法,設(shè)計并利用各單元間的電磁耦合效應(yīng),通過RF MEMS(射頻微電子機械系統(tǒng))技術(shù)對輻射貼片間的組合關(guān)系進(jìn)行變換,獲得了對應(yīng)的理論重構(gòu)效果。多頻衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航接收天線的相關(guān)研究以探尋天線小型化方法和多頻化方法為目的,以雙頻點小型化天線為設(shè)計目標(biāo),利用微帶天線的諧振原理,結(jié)合表面電流路徑增長方法,提出了半波結(jié)構(gòu)、柵狀縫隙結(jié)構(gòu)和枝節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu),獲得了天線小型化和多頻化的理論效果。 本文主要創(chuàng)新點如下： 1.創(chuàng)新性的提出了面向天線頻率重構(gòu)功能的嵌套式貼片結(jié)構(gòu),并進(jìn)行了模擬建模和仿真驗證。該結(jié)構(gòu)便于設(shè)計,對互耦效應(yīng)有較強的適應(yīng)性,能通過調(diào)整貼片尺寸來修正互耦效應(yīng)對諧振頻率的影響。同時,由于嵌套貼片具有相似性,所以能克服因頻率切換造成的輻射方向變化。以設(shè)計的雙圓形嵌套式天線為例,仿真模型尺寸為10mm×10mm,可實現(xiàn)35.0GHz和28.1GHz兩個頻點的重構(gòu),帶寬分別為3.2GHz和0.8GHz,具有小型化的特點。 2.創(chuàng)新性的提出了面向天線方向圖重構(gòu)功能的寄生導(dǎo)引貼片結(jié)構(gòu),并進(jìn)行了模擬建模和仿真驗證。主要原理是利用互耦效應(yīng),合理設(shè)計天線各貼片位置關(guān)系,使E面和H面排列的寄生貼片分別從主饋電貼片耦合電場并產(chǎn)生輻射,通過疊加效應(yīng)使遠(yuǎn)場波束角發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)。依照該方法設(shè)計的天線仿真模型尺寸為10mm×10mm,中心頻率36.6GHz,帶寬2.3GHz,理論上可以實現(xiàn)波束角從-38°到+37°的重構(gòu)。該方法類似微陣列,但與傳統(tǒng)陣列天線相比,有體積小、重量輕、易集成等特點。 3.提出了面向多頻小型化天線的半波和柵狀縫隙混合結(jié)構(gòu),并進(jìn)行了模擬建模和仿真驗證。本文在天線的中央電位零值線處引入半波加載面,形成開路端至短路端的駐波分布,減小了天線尺寸。將窄縫隙引入至天線貼片邊緣,有效彎曲天線表面電流,增加了電長度,從而進(jìn)一步縮減天線尺寸。同時,細(xì)縫的諧振帶來了新的工作頻點,因此理論上實現(xiàn)了雙頻特性。以設(shè)計的柵狀縫隙迂回結(jié)構(gòu)天線為例,仿真模型尺寸為30mm×30mm,雙諧振頻點分別為1595.7MHz和1195.7MHz。 論文最后對研究工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié),給出了后續(xù)相關(guān)研究的建議。
[Abstract]:In this paper, according to the requirement of "scientific research project in 11th Five-Year" microelectronics research and Beidou satellite positioning and navigation GNSS fund, on several hot issues such as antenna design, reconfigurable, multi frequency and miniaturization, the reconfigurable antenna and multi frequency navigation receiving antenna is studied in theory and simulation. The related research of reconfigurable antenna in order to explore the frequency and direction of reconstruction method of graph reconstruction method, the design of innovative structure of microstrip patch antenna, the nested design method put forward the same shape of the antenna pattern design, and using the electromagnetic coupling effect between each unit, by RF MEMS (RF MEMS) to transform the relationship between the radiation patch the theory of technology, the reconstruction effect of corresponding research. The receiving antenna multi frequency satellite navigation to explore the antenna miniaturization method and multi frequency method for the purpose of, In this miniature antenna as the design object, using the principle of resonant microstrip antenna, growth method with surface current path, the half wave structure, grid slot structure and minor structure, obtained the theoretical effect of antenna multi frequency and miniaturization.
The main innovations in this paper are as follows:
1. innovation proposed nested structure of function oriented patch antenna frequency reconstruction, and simulated modeling and simulation. To facilitate the design of the structure, has strong adaptability to the mutual coupling effect, can adjust the size of patch to fix the mutual coupling effect on the resonant frequency. At the same time, because of the nested patch has the similarity so, to overcome the radiation caused by the switching frequency changes. With double circular nested antenna design as an example, the size of the simulation model for 10mm * 10mm, reconfigurable implementation of 35.0GHz and 28.1GHz two frequency points, the bandwidth is respectively 3.2GHz and 0.8GHz, has the characteristics of miniaturization.
The 2. puts forward the innovation oriented antenna parasitic reconstruction function guidance patch structure, and simulated modeling and simulation. The main principle is to use the mutual coupling effect, reasonable design of the patch antenna position between the parasitic patch make E and H surface arranged separately from the main feeding patch coupling electric field and radiation through the superposition effect, the far field beam deflection angle is 10mm * 10mm. According to the size of the antenna simulation model design method, center frequency of 36.6GHz, bandwidth of 2.3GHz, the theory can be achieved on the beam angle from -38 degrees to +37 degrees. The reconstruction method of similar microarray, but compared with the traditional array antenna has the advantages of small size, light weight, easy integration and so on.
The 3. is proposed for multi frequency antenna miniaturization and half wave grating gap hybrid structure, and simulated modeling and simulation. Based on the antenna central potential zero line into the half wave loading surface, the standing wave distribution open end to the short end, reduce the size of the antenna. The antenna into a narrow gap the edge of patch antenna, the effective bending surface current, increase the electric length, so as to further reduce the antenna size. At the same time, the slit resonance frequency brings new theory, thus to achieve dual band characteristics. The grid slot design circuitous structure antenna as an example, the size of the simulation model for 30mm * 30mm, double resonance frequency were 1595.7MHz and 1195.7MHz.
At the end of this paper, the research work is summarized, and some suggestions for subsequent research are given.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN965.2

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