本文關(guān)鍵詞： 陣列天線 喇叭單元 雙極化 雙圓極化 低副瓣　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近些年,無線電技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速,近而要求天線電氣性能也不斷提高。現(xiàn)階段高容量移動通信系統(tǒng)要求天線具有可便攜、低輪廓、重量輕等特性,傳統(tǒng)反射面天線形式已經(jīng)不能滿足要求,而平面陣列天線是具有上述特點的天線。本文以當(dāng)前衛(wèi)星通信天線、雷達(dá)天線工程應(yīng)用實踐為背景,針對天線組陣中的雙極化及圓極化特殊實現(xiàn)方法以及低副瓣要求展開研究,結(jié)合電磁仿真和試驗驗證的研究方法,采用喇叭作為基本天線單元優(yōu)化設(shè)計出幾種典型的平面陣列天線。(1)為實現(xiàn)雙極化、低副瓣平面陣列天線,本文采用探針饋電角錐喇叭作為基本輻射單元,采用低損耗準(zhǔn)空氣同軸線構(gòu)建陣列饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò),通過無源加權(quán)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)陣列俯仰面方向圖低旁瓣設(shè)計,同時結(jié)合反相饋電方法提高了天線極化端口隔離度、降低了交叉極化電平。采用陣列周圍加載扼流槽的方法實現(xiàn)天線方位面方向圖(兩單元)低旁瓣、寬波束覆蓋設(shè)計。實測結(jié)果表明:天線交叉極化抑制度大于35d B,兩極化端口隔離小于-35d B。該天線的特點:雙線極化共口徑輻射、極化鑒別度高、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。(2)為實現(xiàn)圓極化輻射陣列天線,采用單饋電實現(xiàn)圓極化的方法,優(yōu)化設(shè)計出單臂平面螺旋饋電階梯喇叭的圓極化輻射單元,分析了輻射單元主要電氣參數(shù)(輻射方向圖、軸比、駐波)的寬頻帶電磁特性。以單元設(shè)計為基礎(chǔ),設(shè)計加工了8×8陣列天線。實驗結(jié)果表明:工作頻帶內(nèi)駐波小于1.5,小于3 d B軸比帶寬超過23%,交叉極化電平小于-15d B。提出旋轉(zhuǎn)反相饋電方法降低子陣交叉極化電平,樣件測試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果吻合,驗證了組陣天線設(shè)計的正確性。(3)為了突破K波段雙圓極化陣列天線技術(shù),本文提出了一種雙圓極化波導(dǎo)陣列天線結(jié)構(gòu),分析設(shè)計了高效率共口徑雙極化輻射單元、寬帶圓極化器、低損耗波導(dǎo)饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)。測試結(jié)果表明:此雙圓極化波導(dǎo)陣列天線具有效率高、軸比帶寬寬,高隔離度等特點,口面效率大于76%,軸比小于3d B帶寬為16.5%,帶寬內(nèi)端口隔離大于25d B,該天線在要求小孔徑天線的衛(wèi)星通信系統(tǒng)中具有很好的工程應(yīng)用前景。(4)在雷達(dá)低副瓣天線技術(shù)要求下,提出了一種終端短路饋電形式的角錐喇叭單元形式,以此構(gòu)建出空氣介質(zhì)填充方形同軸傳輸線饋電網(wǎng)絡(luò)自支撐結(jié)構(gòu)的低副瓣陣列天線(16×16)。空氣介質(zhì)填充的同軸線具有損耗低、易加工的特點。利用不等功分網(wǎng)絡(luò)實現(xiàn)了天線口徑的幅度加權(quán),提出加載調(diào)諧釘?shù)姆椒ń鉀Q了大功分比功分器端口失配的難題。天線樣件測試結(jié)果表明:駐波小于2的相對帶寬為7.5%,中心頻點增益為31.8d B,頻帶內(nèi)增益大于31.5d B,E面方向圖副瓣電平低于-28d B,H面方向圖副瓣電平低于-29.5d B。該天線結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、成本低,具有很高的實用價值。本論文主要工作是針對陣列天線的應(yīng)用為背景所提出的研究內(nèi)容,這些研究成果在衛(wèi)星通信、雷達(dá)探測天線系統(tǒng)中具有應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of radio technology, antenna electrical performance has been improved. At present, high capacity mobile communication system requires antenna to be portable, low profile, light weight and other characteristics. The traditional reflector antenna can not meet the requirements, but the planar array antenna is the antenna with the above characteristics. The background of this paper is the engineering application of satellite communication antenna and radar antenna. Aiming at the special realization method of dual polarization and circular polarization in antenna array and the requirement of low sidelobe, the research method is combined with electromagnetic simulation and experimental verification. In order to realize dual polarization and low sidelobe planar array antenna, the probe fed angle cone horn is used as the basic radiation unit. The low loss quasi-air coaxial line is used to construct the array feed network and the passive weighted network is used to design the low sidelobe of the array pitching plane pattern. At the same time the isolation degree of the antenna polarization port is improved by using the reverse phase feed method. The cross-polarization level is reduced and the low sidelobe of antenna azimuth plane pattern (two elements) is realized by loading choke slot around the array. Design of wide beam coverage. The measured results show that the cross-polarization suppression of the antenna is greater than 35 dB, and the polarization port isolation is less than -35 dB. The characteristics of the antenna are dual-line polarimetric common aperture radiation. In order to realize circular polarization radiation array antenna, the circular polarization radiation unit of single-arm planar helical feeding stepped horn is optimized by using single-fed method to realize circular polarization. The wideband electromagnetic characteristics of the main electrical parameters (radiation pattern, axial ratio, standing wave) of the radiation unit are analyzed, based on the element design. The 8 脳 8 array antenna is designed and fabricated. The experimental results show that the standing wave is less than 1.5 in the operating band, and the bandwidth is less than 3 dB axis ratio over 23%. The cross polarization level is less than -15 dB. A rotating backward phase feed method is proposed to reduce the cross polarization level of the subarray. The test results of the sample are in good agreement with the simulation results. The correctness of array antenna design is verified. (3) in order to break through the K-band dual-circularly polarized array antenna technology, this paper proposes a dual-circularly polarized waveguide array antenna structure. The high efficiency common aperture dual polarization radiation unit, wide band circular polarizer and low loss waveguide feed network are analyzed and designed. The test results show that the dual circular polarization waveguide array antenna has high efficiency and wide axial ratio bandwidth. With high isolation, the efficiency of the interface is greater than 76, the axial ratio is less than 3 dB, the bandwidth is 16. 5 and the isolation of the ports in the bandwidth is greater than 25 dB. The antenna has a good prospect of engineering application in the satellite communication system which requires small aperture antenna.) under the technical requirements of radar low sidelobe antenna. In this paper, a new type of angular cone horn unit is proposed, in which the terminal short circuit is fed. A low sidelobe array antenna with self-supporting structure of air dielectric filled square coaxial transmission line feed network is constructed. The coaxial line filled with air medium has low loss. The amplitude weighting of antenna aperture is realized by using unequal power distribution network. The method of loading tuning nail is proposed to solve the problem of power divider port mismatch. The test results of antenna sample show that the relative bandwidth of standing wave less than 2 is 7.5 and the gain of center frequency is 31.8 dB. The sidelobe level of the pattern pattern is lower than that of -28 dB / H plane pattern with a gain greater than 31.5 d / d, which is lower than -29.5 dB. The antenna is compact in structure and low in cost. The main work of this thesis is the application of array antenna in the background. These research results have application value in satellite communication and radar detection antenna system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN820.15
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本文編號：1470710