本文關(guān)鍵詞： 毫米波 雙極化 微帶天線 共面波導(dǎo) 縫隙耦合 遺傳算法　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著毫米波技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，毫米波系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用也越來越廣泛。由于雙極化的毫米波雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)可以充分利用信號(hào)的極化信息，，所以雙極化雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)成為研究熱點(diǎn)。本文為滿足現(xiàn)代毫米波雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展要求，設(shè)計(jì)了工作于毫米波段的雙極化天線。大多數(shù)的毫米波系統(tǒng)要求天線具有低剖面、低成本、體積小等特性，所以在本文中針對(duì)微帶天線展開研究，并設(shè)計(jì)了兩類不同饋電方式的天線單元及陣列：共面波導(dǎo)饋電、縫隙耦合饋電。 首先，設(shè)計(jì)了結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單的共面波導(dǎo)饋電雙極化天線單元，通過表面電流分布分析了天線隔離度性能差的原因，并針對(duì)隔離度問題，本文對(duì)天線單元做出改進(jìn)，加入兩條平行微帶線及三個(gè)小尺寸矩形槽，使單元的端口隔離度達(dá)到-20dB。由于交叉極化的問題，再次對(duì)天線結(jié)構(gòu)做出改進(jìn)，提出用短截線換掉平行微帶的方法，使得天線的交叉極化達(dá)到-20dB。同時(shí)，將缺陷接地結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用到共面波導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)中進(jìn)行阻抗調(diào)配，設(shè)計(jì)出了符合要求的毫米波天線單元。 其次，本文采用縫隙耦合饋電與埋藏式饋電相結(jié)合的方式，設(shè)計(jì)了三個(gè)天線單元及一個(gè)2×2子陣天線。最先設(shè)計(jì)的仍然是結(jié)構(gòu)較簡單的天線單元，單元的相對(duì)帶寬為7%。然后分別采用共面寄生貼片和空間平行寄生貼片將天線單元的阻抗帶寬展寬為12%和20.53%。采用成對(duì)反相饋電技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)了2×2的子陣天線，天線陣列的相對(duì)帶寬為6.13%，阻抗帶寬小于-10dB范圍內(nèi)隔離度小于-30dB，交叉極化達(dá)到-23.6dB，增益為11.5dB，天線的測試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果基本吻合，是各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)都符合要求的毫米波雙極化天線。 最后，本文通過VBS腳本將遺傳算法與Ansoft HFSS連接起來，采用“開窗”方式及子貼片覆蓋技術(shù)對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單的縫隙耦合饋電天線單元進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)，將天線的阻抗帶寬從2.64GHz展寬到3.99GHz，證明了方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:With the development of millimeter wave technology, the application of millimeter wave system is more and more extensive, because the dual polarization millimeter wave radar system can make full use of the polarization information of the signal. Therefore, dual-polarization radar system has become a research hotspot. In order to meet the requirements of the development of modern millimeter-wave radar system. A dual-polarization antenna working in millimeter band is designed. Most millimeter-wave systems require the antenna to have low profile, low cost and small size, so the microstrip antenna is studied in this paper. Two kinds of antenna elements and arrays with different feeding modes are designed: coplanar waveguide feed and slot coupling feed. Firstly, a simple coplanar waveguide fed dual polarization antenna unit is designed. The reason of the poor isolation is analyzed through the surface current distribution, and the isolation problem is analyzed. In this paper, the antenna element is improved by adding two parallel microstrip lines and three small rectangular grooves, so that the isolation degree of the unit can reach -20dB. due to the problem of cross-polarization, the antenna structure is improved again. A method of replacing parallel microstrip with short cut line is proposed to make the cross-polarization of antenna reach -20 dB. At the same time, the defect grounding structure is applied to the coplanar waveguide structure to adjust the impedance. The millimeter wave antenna unit is designed. Secondly, three antenna elements and a 2 脳 2 subarray antenna are designed by the combination of slot coupling feed and buried feed. The first design is still simple antenna element. The relative bandwidth of the unit is 7. Then the impedance bandwidth of the antenna unit is widened to 12% and 20.53 by using the coplanar parasitic patch and the spatial parallel parasitic patch respectively. X 2 subarray antenna. The relative bandwidth of the antenna array is 6.13, the impedance bandwidth is less than -10dB, the isolation degree is less than -30dB, the cross-polarization is -23.6dB, and the gain is 11.5dB. The test results of the antenna are in good agreement with the simulation results. It is a millimeter-wave dual-polarization antenna which meets the requirements of every index. Finally, the genetic algorithm is connected to Ansoft HFSS by VBS script. The slot coupling feed antenna unit with simple structure is optimized by using "window opening" mode and subpatch coverage technique. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna is broadened from 2.64GHz to 3.99GHz. The feasibility of the method is proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN822

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