本文關(guān)鍵詞： 物聯(lián)網(wǎng) 感知域 拓?fù)?路由　出處：《北京郵電大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：物聯(lián)網(wǎng)(The Internet of Things, IoT)是新一代信息技術(shù)的重要組成部分,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以看作是物物相連的互聯(lián)網(wǎng),通過(guò)感知、識(shí)別技術(shù),與普適計(jì)算等技術(shù)融合應(yīng)用,形成了繼計(jì)算機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)之后又一次信息產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的浪潮。我們?cè)诜治鑫锫?lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)各部分功能與特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,從基于Web的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境的基本原則出發(fā),將物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)分為感知域和業(yè)務(wù)域。無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)作為感知域中的重要內(nèi)容,具有特別重要的地位。我們針對(duì)基于Web的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)和感知域中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行研究,取得的主要的研究成果及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下： 1.當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外在物聯(lián)網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)取得了大量理論研究成果和部分應(yīng)用示范,但問(wèn)題仍較為突出,比如封閉的內(nèi)部嘗試,缺乏開(kāi)放性、示范性與可復(fù)制性；不能互聯(lián)互通,存在嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)和行業(yè)壁壘,大量示范工程重復(fù)建設(shè)；產(chǎn)品、解決方案互不兼容,缺乏統(tǒng)一的概念,導(dǎo)致大量碎片化的框架和應(yīng)用等。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,在分析物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)各部分功能與特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,從基于Web的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)務(wù)環(huán)境的基本原則出發(fā),可以將物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)分為感知域和業(yè)務(wù)域,提出了基于Web的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系結(jié)構(gòu),將物聯(lián)網(wǎng)Web化。構(gòu)建基于Web的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)平臺(tái),匯聚產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的設(shè)備和平臺(tái),引進(jìn)國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的技術(shù)和理念,形成物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用設(shè)備商店,為用戶提供全方位的體驗(yàn)與服務(wù),最終形成物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用服務(wù)云,構(gòu)建物聯(lián)網(wǎng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。 2.在無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,分簇是一種有效的拓?fù)淇刂品椒?層次結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,兼顧負(fù)載均衡,能增強(qiáng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)可靠性,具有較強(qiáng)的擴(kuò)展性與魯棒性。目前很多分簇協(xié)議存在簇頭分布不均勻,簇頭節(jié)點(diǎn)的選取未充分考慮剩余能量與通信距離的影響,以及分簇情況不隨網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)的變化而變化等問(wèn)題。針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了一種基于虛擬坐標(biāo)的動(dòng)態(tài)自適應(yīng)分簇(a Virtual Coordinates Dynamic Adaptive Clustering, VCDAC)協(xié)議,該協(xié)議按照虛擬分區(qū)的思想將網(wǎng)絡(luò)分簇,并根據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)態(tài)決定分簇?cái)?shù)量,從而降低了能耗。仿真結(jié)果顯示該協(xié)議能明顯延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存時(shí)間,均衡網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載,發(fā)送更多的數(shù)據(jù)至匯聚節(jié)點(diǎn),具有優(yōu)良的性能。 3.無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)淇刂茖?duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)性能影響很大,優(yōu)良的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)能提高路由協(xié)議和MAC協(xié)議的效率,為目標(biāo)定位、時(shí)間同步與數(shù)據(jù)融合提供基礎(chǔ)。分簇作為拓?fù)淇刂浦幸环N層次清晰的方法,能延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存時(shí)間,經(jīng)常被轉(zhuǎn)化為優(yōu)化問(wèn)題來(lái)求最優(yōu)解。傳統(tǒng)分析優(yōu)化方法需要大量的計(jì)算,計(jì)算量隨問(wèn)題規(guī)模成指數(shù)增長(zhǎng),對(duì)于微型傳感器來(lái)說(shuō),少的計(jì)算量與資源需求,并能產(chǎn)生可接受結(jié)果的優(yōu)化方法是適宜的,粒子群算法就是一種計(jì)算效率高的仿生智能優(yōu)化方法。本文首先提出了一種無(wú)參數(shù)小生境粒子群優(yōu)化算法,并驗(yàn)證其有效性,然后利用該算法,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于小生境粒子群優(yōu)化的自適應(yīng)分簇(an Adaptive Clustering Protocol using Niching Particle Swarm Optimization, ACP-NPSO)協(xié)議,該協(xié)議形成的分簇分布均勻,均衡了系統(tǒng)的負(fù)載。仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該協(xié)議具有良好的效率,能明顯延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的生存周期,提高系統(tǒng)的吞吐量。 4.無(wú)線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有很強(qiáng)的應(yīng)用相關(guān)性,不同應(yīng)用中的路由協(xié)議差別很大,沒(méi)有一個(gè)通用的路由協(xié)議,是一種與應(yīng)用密切相關(guān)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。路由協(xié)議根據(jù)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的不同,分為分簇型路由協(xié)議和平面型路由協(xié)議,與平面型路由協(xié)議相比較,分簇型路由協(xié)議結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,能高效利用節(jié)點(diǎn)資源。本文設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于粒子群蟻群優(yōu)化的動(dòng)態(tài)分簇路由協(xié)議(a Dynamic Clustering Routing Protocol using Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Algorithm, DCRP-PSOACA),我們給出了DCRP-PSOACA的詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì),仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該協(xié)議能有效減少節(jié)點(diǎn)能量消耗,提供穩(wěn)健的路由路徑,延長(zhǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)生存時(shí)間,實(shí)現(xiàn)高效通信。
[Abstract]:The Internet of things (The Internet of Things, IoT) is an important part of a new generation of information technology, the Internet of things can be regarded as material objects connected to the Internet, through perception, recognition, and ubiquitous computing integration application technology, following the formation of the computer, the Internet after another wave of development of information industry. We based on the analysis of the function of each part and the features of the IOT system, from Web based on the basic principles of networking business environment of the networking system architecture is divided into perception domain and business domain. The wireless sensor network as an important content of perception in the domain, has a very important status. According to our research on the key technology of network system the structure and sensing domain of Web based on the main research results and innovations are as follows:
1. things in the field at home and abroad has made a lot of theoretical research and application demonstration, but the problem is still more prominent, such as the closure of the internal attempt, lack of openness, demonstration and replicable; not interoperability, existing industries and regions serious barriers, a large number of repeated demonstration project construction; products, solutions programs are not compatible, the lack of a unified concept, resulting in a large number of fragments of the framework and application. To solve these problems, based on the analysis of the function of each part and the features of the IOT system, starting from the basic principle of Web based networking business environment, networking system architecture can be divided into perception and business domain domain structure was put forward based on the Web system of the Internet of things, things will be Web. The construction of Web based networking system service platform, gathering equipment and platform of the industry chain, the introduction of domestic and foreign advanced technology And idea, form the Internet of things application equipment store, provide users with a full range of experience and services, eventually form the Internet of things application service cloud, and build the Internet of things ecosystem.
2. in wireless sensor networks, clustering is an effective topology control method, a clear hierarchical structure, taking into account the load balancing, can enhance network reliability, scalability and robustness. Many existing clustering protocol for cluster head distribution is not uniform, the cluster head node selection did not fully consider the influence of residual energy with the communication distance, and the change of clustering is not with the network state changes and other issues. To solve these problems, we design a dynamic adaptive clustering based on virtual coordinate (a Virtual Coordinates Dynamic Adaptive Clustering VCDAC) protocol, the protocol of network clustering according to the idea of virtual partition, and according to the state dynamic network decision clustering number, thereby reducing the energy consumption. The simulation results show that this protocol can significantly prolong the survival time of the network, network load balancing, sending more data to the sink node Point, with excellent performance.
3. topology control in wireless sensor networks have great influence on the network performance, excellent topology can improve the efficiency of routing and MAC protocols for target localization, time synchronization and data fusion based clustering method. As a hierarchical topology control clear, can prolong the survival time of the network, are often transformed into to find the optimal solution of optimization problem. Traditional optimization analysis method needs a large amount of calculation, calculation with the exponential growth of the scale of the problem, for the micro sensor, computation and less resource requirement, and can produce acceptable results of the optimization method is suitable for the intelligent optimization method of bionic particle swarm algorithm is a kind of high calculation efficiency. This paper proposes a non parametric Niching Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, and verify its effectiveness, and then using the algorithm, a niche particle swarm optimization based on the design. Adaptive clustering (an Adaptive Clustering Protocol using Niching Particle Swarm Optimization ACP-NPSO) protocol, the protocol of cluster distribution uniformity, balance the load of the system. The simulation results show that the protocol has good efficiency and can prolong the network life cycle, improve the throughput of the system.
4. application of wireless sensor network has a strong correlation, different routing protocols in the application are very different, not a general routing protocol, is a closely related to the application of network routing protocol. According to the logical structure of the different divided into cluster based routing protocol and planar routing protocol, routing protocol and plane in comparison, cluster based routing protocol structure clear, efficient use of node resources. This paper designs a dynamic particle swarm clustering routing protocol based on Ant Colony Optimization (a Dynamic Clustering Routing Protocol using Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Algorithm, DCRP-PSOACA), we give a detailed design of DCRP-PSOACA, the simulation results show that, this protocol can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the nodes, the routing path provides a robust, prolong the survival time of the network to achieve efficient communication.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.44;TN929.5

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本文編號(hào)：1452877