本文關(guān)鍵詞： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 建筑安全監(jiān)測 路由算法 任務(wù)調(diào)度 網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)能　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近年來,無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展,其連接物理世界和計算機世界的橋梁作用得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)不但布線成本低、監(jiān)測精度高、容錯性好,而且能夠遠程監(jiān)控,在故障診斷與安全監(jiān)測等方面有突出優(yōu)點。隨著建筑安全事故的頻發(fā),如何對建筑的安全狀態(tài)進行實時和有效的監(jiān)測,避免由于結(jié)構(gòu)損傷、火災(zāi)或室內(nèi)環(huán)境變化引起的建筑安全事故,同時為建筑的健康維護和保養(yǎng)提供及時、科學(xué)的指導(dǎo),已經(jīng)越來越受到人們的廣泛關(guān)注,建立一種基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建筑安全監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)具有非常重要的理論意義和實用價值。 本文分析了建筑安全監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀、進展及面臨的挑戰(zhàn),闡述了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展、特點及結(jié)構(gòu),研究了基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測、建筑火災(zāi)安全監(jiān)測和建筑室內(nèi)環(huán)境監(jiān)測三個領(lǐng)域的監(jiān)測方法,結(jié)合存在的問題提出了相應(yīng)的解決方案和策略,主要內(nèi)容如下： 1.針對建筑結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測實時性差、現(xiàn)有算法資源消耗大、實際應(yīng)用效果不穩(wěn)定等問題,在基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中,提出了一種基于遺傳-蟻群優(yōu)化的組播路由算法和多跳路由算法,較好地解決了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量問題,提高了網(wǎng)絡(luò)的穩(wěn)定性和監(jiān)測的可靠性；采用改進型的蟻群算法,制定了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)能量管理策略,降低了監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)的能耗,延長了網(wǎng)絡(luò)壽命。 2.針對建筑火災(zāi)安全監(jiān)測單代理節(jié)點功能有限、拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、帶寬要求高等問題,在基于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的建筑火災(zāi)安全監(jiān)測中引入了多代理理論,提出了一種火災(zāi)監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡(luò)的動態(tài)任務(wù)調(diào)度算法,較好地解決了多監(jiān)測任務(wù)調(diào)度中的大規(guī)模計算問題,提高了任務(wù)調(diào)度的效率；采用基于D-S證據(jù)理論的數(shù)據(jù)融合算法對監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行實時處理,提高了監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)對異常情況報警的準確性和可靠性,降低了火災(zāi)誤報和漏報率。 3.針對建筑室內(nèi)環(huán)境監(jiān)測傳輸數(shù)據(jù)量大、頻譜資源緊張、傳感器節(jié)點能源局限等問題,建立了建筑室內(nèi)無線終端通信頻譜感知模型,提出了一種基于支持向量機的頻譜感知算法,能夠?qū)崟r、準確地對設(shè)備終端進行頻譜感知,有效地提高了頻譜資源的利用率；提出了一種基于壓縮感知理論的網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)能算法,在保證無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)整體監(jiān)測精度和效率的前提下,提升了網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)采樣效率,降低了傳感器節(jié)點的能源消耗,提高了網(wǎng)絡(luò)使用壽命。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the rapid development of wireless sensor network technology, its role as a bridge connecting the physical world and the computer world has been widely used in wireless sensor network routing. Not only low cost, high precision, good fault tolerance, and remote monitoring, has obvious advantages in fault diagnosis and safety monitoring. With the construction safety accidents. In real time, and how to effectively monitor the safety of construction, to avoid the structural damage, caused by fire or indoor environment changes of construction safety accidents, and for the construction of health maintenance and maintenance to provide timely, scientific guidance, people have paid more and more attention, the establishment of a very important theoretical significance and the practical value of construction safety monitoring system based on wireless sensor network.
This paper analyzes the present situation of the safety monitoring technology of construction, progress and challenges, expounds the development of wireless sensor networks, the characteristics and the structure of the building structure health monitoring based on wireless sensor networks, monitoring method of building fire safety monitoring and indoor environmental monitoring in three areas, combined with the existing problems put forward to solve corresponding solutions and strategies, the main contents are as follows:
1. for structural health monitoring real-time algorithm of existing resource consumption, actual application effect is not stable, based on the architecture of wireless sensor network health monitoring system, proposes a multicast routing algorithm - ant colony optimization and genetic algorithm based on multi hop routing, solves the problem of network service quality to improve the reliability and stability of the monitoring network; using improved ant colony algorithm, developed a wireless sensor network energy management strategy, reducing the energy consumption of the monitoring network, prolong the network lifetime.
2. for building fire safety monitoring of single agent node function is limited, the structure is very complex, higher bandwidth requirements, based on building fire safety monitoring wireless sensor network is introduced in multi agent theory, put forward the dynamic scheduling of a fire monitoring network algorithm to solve large-scale computing problems in multi task scheduling monitoring and improve the efficiency of task scheduling; using the D-S evidence theory data fusion algorithm for real-time processing of monitoring data based on the improved monitoring system for abnormal alarm accuracy and reliability, reduce fire false positives and negatives.
3. for the construction of indoor environmental monitoring of large volume data transmission, spectrum resource and energy limitation of sensor nodes, building the indoor wireless communication terminal spectrum sensing model, proposes a spectrum sensing algorithm based on support vector machine capable of real-time, accurate spectrum sensing of terminal equipment, effectively improve the utilization of spectrum rate of resource; proposes a network energy saving algorithm based on compressed sensing theory, under the premise of ensuring the whole wireless sensor network monitoring accuracy and efficiency, improve the efficiency of network data sampling, reduce the energy consumption of sensor nodes, improve the service life of the network.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN929.5;TP212.9

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