本文關(guān)鍵詞：多核無線傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)操作系統(tǒng)研究與設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò) 多核技術(shù) 操作系統(tǒng) 中間層軟件

【摘要】：無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN-Wireless Sensor Network)節(jié)點(diǎn)能執(zhí)行環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)(溫度、濕度、光照等)采集、信息處理,并能與網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的其他節(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行無線通信。近十幾年來,WSN技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用到農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、軍事、醫(yī)療、家居等領(lǐng)域。 WSN研究的難點(diǎn)問題之一是如何使用有限的WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)資源運(yùn)行日益復(fù)雜且多樣化的WSN應(yīng)用。針對此問題的有效解決方法之一是設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)專用于WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)的操作系統(tǒng)。通過此操作系統(tǒng),可一方面對WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)受限的平臺資源進(jìn)行高效管理,另一方面可對WSN復(fù)雜多樣化的應(yīng)用提供良好的服務(wù)。 當(dāng)前,WSN操作系統(tǒng)依然是一個(gè)熱門的研究主題,許多WSN操作系統(tǒng)(TinyOS、Contiki、SOS、mantisOS、openWSN等)均已設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些系統(tǒng)具有不同的特性,且適用于不同的WSN應(yīng)用。TinyOS采用組件結(jié)構(gòu),具有較低的內(nèi)存消耗；SOS能動(dòng)態(tài)更新各個(gè)服務(wù)模塊,具有良好的故障修復(fù)以及節(jié)點(diǎn)重編程性能；mantisOS采用多線程調(diào)度機(jī)制,可并行執(zhí)行多任務(wù)WSN應(yīng)用；openWSN則實(shí)現(xiàn)了一套完整的WSN協(xié)議棧,對WSN技術(shù)與IoT技術(shù)進(jìn)行了融合。盡管這些系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)對于WSN操作系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展起到了完善與促進(jìn)作用,許多操作系統(tǒng)研究方面的挑戰(zhàn)依然存在,例如,如何在內(nèi)存資源高度受限的WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)上實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度；如何降低節(jié)點(diǎn)能耗以延長節(jié)點(diǎn)戶外工作壽命；如何提高WSN應(yīng)用程序重編程性能,以及如何提高WSN系統(tǒng)可靠性等。 針對上述挑戰(zhàn),本文設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種實(shí)時(shí)可靠且用戶友好的新型操作系統(tǒng)LiveOS。LiveOS采用了一些新型的研究方法與實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù),有效地解決了WSN操作系統(tǒng)中一些難點(diǎn)問題。一方面,LiveOS結(jié)合了多核硬件技術(shù)與軟件技術(shù),從而有效地降低了節(jié)點(diǎn)工作能耗、提高了節(jié)點(diǎn)對上下文感知的能力、改善了節(jié)點(diǎn)的可靠性,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種新型系統(tǒng)調(diào)試方法。另一方面,LiveOS改變了傳統(tǒng)操作系統(tǒng)的一些設(shè)計(jì)理念,采用了混合型調(diào)度機(jī)制(同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)事件驅(qū)動(dòng)調(diào)度機(jī)制與多線程調(diào)度機(jī)制)以及共享堆棧型多線程調(diào)度機(jī)制,從而有效地降低了實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)存消耗量,使實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)在內(nèi)存資源高度受限的WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)上運(yùn)行成為可行。此外,LiveOS還嵌入了一種新型的中間層軟件EMIDE,此中間層軟件不僅降低了WSN應(yīng)用程序開發(fā)復(fù)雜度,還提高了WSN應(yīng)用程序重編程性能。 通過上述各種機(jī)制的實(shí)現(xiàn),LiveOS系統(tǒng)具有了以下特性：1)能高效地利用節(jié)點(diǎn)有限的內(nèi)存資源與能量資源,因此,適合在成本低、體積小、資源受限的WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)上使用。2)具有實(shí)時(shí)調(diào)度功能,能運(yùn)行實(shí)時(shí)WSN應(yīng)用(醫(yī)療監(jiān)護(hù)、發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)智能控制、化工污染實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控等)。3)工作壽命長、系統(tǒng)可靠性良好、且可支持遠(yuǎn)程無線重編程,因此,可避免對部署在惡劣環(huán)境中WSN節(jié)點(diǎn)通過人工回收而進(jìn)行能量補(bǔ)充、應(yīng)用程序重編程以及故障修復(fù)的成本。LiveOS系統(tǒng)的這些特點(diǎn)對于WSN技術(shù)的發(fā)展與市場推廣具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:Wireless sensor network (WSN-Wireless Sensor Network) node can perform environmental data (temperature, humidity, light, etc.) data collection, information processing. In recent years, WSN technology has been widely used in agriculture, industry, military, medical, home and other fields. One of the difficult problems in WSN research is how to use limited WSN node resources to run increasingly complex and diverse WSN applications. One of the effective solutions to this problem is to design and implement a dedicated. Operating system for the WSN node. Through this operating system. On the one hand, it can efficiently manage the limited platform resources of WSN nodes, on the other hand, it can provide a good service for the complex and diversified applications of WSN. At present, the WSN operating system is still a hot research topic, and many WSN operating systems are made up of tiny OS Contiki and SOS mantis OS. These systems have different characteristics and are suitable for different WSN applications. TinyOS uses component structure and has low memory consumption. SOS can dynamically update each service module and has good performance of fault repair and node reprogramming. Multi-thread scheduling mechanism is adopted in mantisOS, and multi-task WSN applications can be executed in parallel. OpenWSN implements a complete WSN protocol stack. The integration of WSN technology and IoT technology. Although the development of these systems has played a role in improving and promoting the development of WSN operating system, many operating system research challenges still exist. For example, how to implement real-time scheduling on WSN nodes with highly limited memory resources; How to reduce the energy consumption of the node to prolong the outdoor working life of the node; How to improve the reprogramming performance of WSN application and how to improve the reliability of WSN system. In view of the above challenges, this paper designs and implements a new real-time reliable and user-friendly operating system, LiveOS.LiveOS, which adopts some new research methods and implementation techniques. On the one hand, LiveOS combines multi-core hardware technology with software technology, which can effectively reduce the node working energy consumption. It improves the node's ability of context-aware, improves the reliability of the node, and implements a new system debugging method. On the other hand, LiveOS changes some design ideas of traditional operating system. The hybrid scheduling mechanism (both event-driven scheduling mechanism and multi-thread scheduling mechanism) and the shared stack multi-thread scheduling mechanism are adopted, which can effectively reduce the memory consumption of real-time system. It is feasible for real-time system to run on WSN nodes with highly limited memory resources. In addition, EMIDE is embedded in a new mid-tier software. The software not only reduces the complexity of WSN application development, but also improves the reprogramming performance of WSN application. Through the implementation of the above mechanisms, the LiveOS system has the following characteristics: 1) it can efficiently utilize the limited memory and energy resources of nodes, so it is suitable for low cost and small volume. The resource constrained WSN node uses. 2) has the real-time dispatch function, can run the real time WSN application (medical treatment monitor, the engine intelligence control, the chemical industry pollution real time monitor and so on. 3) the working life is long. The system has good reliability and can support remote wireless reprogramming, so it can avoid the energy replenishment of WSN nodes deployed in bad environment by manual recycling. These features of the application reprogramming and the cost of fault repair. LiveOS system are of great significance for the development and marketing of WSN technology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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