本文關(guān)鍵詞：星載激光反射層析成像關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（上海技術(shù)物理研究所）》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： CT原理 激光反射層析成像 特征點(diǎn)跟蹤 相位恢復(fù) 激光雷達(dá) 投影圖配準(zhǔn) 星載

【摘要】：合成孔徑激光成像雷達(dá)（SAIL）是獲取遠(yuǎn)距離厘米量級(jí)分辨率的光學(xué)成像手段，但由于在時(shí)間和空間域中對(duì)光頻信號(hào)接收和圖像重構(gòu)時(shí)，對(duì)光頻信號(hào)的振幅、偏振、頻率、時(shí)間相位和空間相位要求都非常嚴(yán)苛，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中有較高的難度。為了有效解決成像距離與高分辨率之間的矛盾，避免實(shí)際應(yīng)用中較難實(shí)現(xiàn)的光頻時(shí)間相位和空間相位同步問(wèn)題，，本文開展了基于Computed Tomography（CT）原理的激光成像研究，激光反射層析成像技術(shù)是一種新型的遠(yuǎn)距離高精度成像手段，尤其在太空環(huán)境下，激光無(wú)大氣衰減的影響，在星載平臺(tái)遠(yuǎn)距離高精度監(jiān)測(cè)敏感太空目標(biāo)方面具有很好的應(yīng)用前景。針對(duì)星載平臺(tái)的激光反射層析成像關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究工作在國(guó)際上屬于前沿和熱點(diǎn)研究領(lǐng)域，具有重大的科學(xué)意義和研究?jī)r(jià)值。 論文主要針對(duì)應(yīng)用于星載平臺(tái)的激光反射層析成像關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入的研究。詳細(xì)分析了透射層析和反射層析的區(qū)別，解決了反射層析數(shù)據(jù)重構(gòu)圖像時(shí)非合目標(biāo)的投影圖配準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題，設(shè)計(jì)了低噪放光電探測(cè)電路，并對(duì)微弱光電信號(hào)無(wú)失真接收。分析了繞飛衛(wèi)星軌道參數(shù)及特性，最終搭建了激光反射層析成像實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)，獲得了一批寶貴的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，論文詳細(xì)分析設(shè)計(jì)了星載激光反射層析成像系統(tǒng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)，為系統(tǒng)實(shí)際應(yīng)用于星載平臺(tái)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。 論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要有以下幾個(gè)方面： 1.根據(jù)激光反射層析成像原理，分析了繞飛衛(wèi)星平臺(tái)的定軌方法、軌道特性及衛(wèi)星平臺(tái)的振動(dòng)特性，在模擬星載應(yīng)用條件下，構(gòu)建了激光反射層析成像實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)； 2.采用跟蹤激光回波峰值點(diǎn)和相位恢復(fù)相結(jié)合的混合投影圖配準(zhǔn)方法，建立了非合作目標(biāo)的旋轉(zhuǎn)中心點(diǎn)對(duì)準(zhǔn)關(guān)系； 3.開展了層析成像實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，取得了40m距離的激光反射投影實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)，經(jīng)過(guò)濾波反投影圖像重構(gòu)算法處理，獲得了0.15m分辨率靶標(biāo)廓像。
[Abstract]:Synthetic aperture laser imaging radar (SAIL) is a long-distance optical imaging means to obtain a centimeter resolution, but because of the time and space domain of optical frequency signal receiving and image reconstruction, the amplitude of the signal frequency, light polarization, frequency, time and phase space phase requirements are very stringent, a higher degree of difficulty in in the practical application. In order to solve the contradiction between the imaging range and high resolution, avoid light phase and frequency time space phase synchronization problem is difficult to implement in practical application, this paper carried out based on Computed Tomography (CT) laser imaging principle, the laser reflection tomography is a new type of long distance and high precision imaging methods especially, in the space environment, without affecting the atmospheric attenuation of laser, has a good application prospect in carrying platform of long distance and high precision monitoring of sensitive targets in star. Space for satellite The research work on the key technology of laser reflection tomography in the platform is a frontier and hot research field in the world, which has great scientific significance and research value.
This paper mainly aims at the laser reflective tomography imaging is the key technologies used in the satellite platform are studied. A detailed analysis of the difference between the transmission tomography and reflection tomography, solves the projection registration problem non object reflection tomography data reconstruction image, the low noise electric light detection circuit design, and no distortion of receiving weak photoelectric signal. Analysis of the flying around satellite orbit parameters and characteristics, finally set up the laser reflection tomography experiment platform, obtained a number of valuable experimental data, the paper analyses and designs the spaceborne laser reflection tomography technology index system, laid the foundation for the practical application of the system on the satellite platform.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows:
1., according to the principle of laser reflection tomography, the orbit determination method, orbit characteristics and vibration characteristics of the satellite platform are analyzed. Under the condition of simulated spaceborne application, a laser reflection tomography platform is built.
2. the registration method of hybrid projection graph which combines the peak point of the laser echo and the phase recovery is used to establish the rotation center point alignment of the non cooperative target.
3., tomographic imaging experiments were carried out, and the experimental data of laser reflection projection at 40m distance were obtained. After processing the filtered back projection image reconstruction algorithm, we got the 0.15m resolution target profile.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院研究生院（上海技術(shù)物理研究所）
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.52

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