本文關(guān)鍵詞：成像激光雷達(dá)距離像乘性噪聲的分析和處理　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 乘性噪聲 激光雷達(dá) 同態(tài)濾波 小波變換

【摘要】：激光雷達(dá)探測(cè)技術(shù)是現(xiàn)階段國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的熱門領(lǐng)域，，在航天、氣象、醫(yī)療、工業(yè)、預(yù)警、導(dǎo)彈制導(dǎo)和民用探測(cè)等諸多方面都有廣泛的應(yīng)用。成像激光雷達(dá)不僅可以獲得探測(cè)目標(biāo)的強(qiáng)度像，還可以獲得探測(cè)目標(biāo)的距離(3D)像。但是圖像往往伴隨著各種噪聲，尤其是乘性噪聲，由于和原始信號(hào)相關(guān)，很難去除，影響測(cè)距精度和成像質(zhì)量。國(guó)內(nèi)的激光雷達(dá)研究起步較晚，目前針對(duì)成像激光雷達(dá)乘性噪聲的分析和處理方法并不系統(tǒng)。本文對(duì)基于ICCD增益調(diào)制成像激光雷達(dá)中乘性噪聲的產(chǎn)生原因進(jìn)行分析，分別從空域和頻域角度系統(tǒng)的給出噪聲處理方法，并對(duì)每種方法的雷達(dá)圖像處理結(jié)果進(jìn)行對(duì)比評(píng)價(jià)，分析優(yōu)劣。 ICCD增益調(diào)制成像激光雷達(dá)的乘性噪聲來(lái)自成像器件的噪聲，經(jīng)過(guò)微通道板的放大作用，以額外增益的形式和圖像信號(hào)關(guān)聯(lián)在一起。在空域角度利用均值濾波法、中值濾波法和同態(tài)濾波法處理雷達(dá)圖像，同態(tài)濾波法對(duì)乘性噪聲的處理最好，但是濾波時(shí)容易受到加性噪聲的干擾，所以根據(jù)每種濾波法的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合多種濾波法對(duì)圖像處理可以得到更佳的除噪效果。在頻域角度利用傅里葉變換將圖像變到頻譜，采用低通、帶通和多尺度小波變換濾波法處理雷達(dá)圖像，由于多尺度小波變換對(duì)圖像細(xì)節(jié)的辨析能力很強(qiáng)，小波變換濾波在保留邊緣的同時(shí)可以有效濾除乘性噪聲。當(dāng)雷達(dá)圖像同時(shí)含有乘性和加性噪聲時(shí)，需要對(duì)兩種噪聲進(jìn)行并行處理。利用圖像分割將探測(cè)目標(biāo)分離出來(lái)，對(duì)于目標(biāo)采用同態(tài)濾波法去除乘性噪聲，對(duì)于背景采用中值濾波法濾波去除加性噪聲，防止兩種噪聲互相干擾。利用鄰域像素灰度值的漲落來(lái)判斷乘性噪聲，根據(jù)中心像素和周圍四領(lǐng)域像素的梯度變化可以對(duì)加性和乘性噪聲加以區(qū)分，不同情況使用不同方法進(jìn)行濾波。在此基礎(chǔ)上提出一種超前的六鄰域圖像的構(gòu)造和處理方法，可以更充分的利用鄰域信息對(duì)噪聲類型進(jìn)行判別，得到更好的濾波效果。
[Abstract]:The laser radar detection technology is a hot field of current domestic and international research in aerospace, meteorology, medical, industrial, early warning, missile guidance and civil detection etc. are widely used. The imaging laser radar can not only obtain the target intensity image, also can get the target distance (3D) but like. The image is often accompanied by various kinds of noises, especially due to the multiplicative noise, and the original signal, it is difficult to remove, influence range precision and imaging quality. The domestic research started later analysis and processing of laser radar, laser radar imaging method for the multiplicative noise is not systematic. This paper analyzes the causes of multiplicative noise ICCD gain modulation imaging laser radar based on the noise processing method are given respectively from the perspective of spatial and frequency domain of the system, and for each method of radar image processing results are comparative evaluation The analysis is good and bad.
The noise multiplicative noise from the imaging device ICCD gain modulation imaging laser radar, after amplification of micro channel plate, in the form of additional gain and image signal correlation together. Using the mean filter method in the spatial perspective, median filtering method and homomorphic filtering method of radar image processing, processing of multiplicative noise homomorphic filtering the best, but when the filter is vulnerable to additive noise, so according to the characteristics of each kind of filtering method, the effect of noise removal combined with a variety of filtering method for image processing can get better. In the frequency domain using Fourier transform to the image spectrum, using low-pass, band-pass and multi-scale wavelet transform filtering method of radar the image, due to the multiscale wavelet transform of the image details discrimination ability is very strong, the wavelet transform filter in preserving the edge can effectively filter out the multiplicative noise at the same time. When at the same time with the radar image A multiplicative and additive noise, the need for two kinds of noise for parallel processing. The target is separated by using image segmentation, the target by homomorphic filtering to remove multiplicative noise, the median filtering method for background filter for removing additive noise, prevent mutual interference. Two kinds of noise fluctuation using pixel neighborhood value to determine the multiplicative noise, according to the change of gradient pixels and the surrounding four fields can distinguish between additive and multiplicative noise, different conditions using different filter method. Based on the proposed method and ahead of the six neighborhood image, using neighborhood information to determine the type of noise well, better filtering effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TN958.98

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