本文關鍵詞：基于ZigBee的無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡定位方法研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡 定位 TLM策略 定位誤差

【摘要】：近些年來，無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡獲得了快速發(fā)展的機會，對于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡中的關鍵技術之一—節(jié)點定位技術，國內外學者均提出了各種不同的方法和算法。但是，這些算法均存在一定的局限性，比如算法的分段性和誤差處理方面都有待改善，達到的定位精度還有提升空間。因此，，開展對無線傳感器定位的研究并提高定位精度具有重要意義。 針對定位過程中算法分段性方面存在的不足，本文改進了基于TLM(Threshold Localization Method)策略的定位方法，改善傳統(tǒng)傳感器節(jié)點使用單算法的局面。該方法中，當節(jié)點距離小于5m時，利用基于RSSI(Received SignalStrength Indicator)改進測距算法進行距離計算；當距離大于5m時，利用基于DV-Hop改進非測距定位算法進行距離計算。 針對誤差處理方面存在的不足，本文在測距算法改進過程中采用最小二乘方法對RSSI-d曲線進行數(shù)據(jù)擬合處理，在非測距算法改進過程中采用DV-Hop中連通度不足的分散節(jié)點進行了誤差分析，整個誤差處理實現(xiàn)了分段。最后在坐標計算時采用加權的計算方法，對距離近的節(jié)點賦予更大的權值，使坐標計算越接近實際。 本文設計了一個無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡定位系統(tǒng)驗證上述改進方法的有效性，該系統(tǒng)由硬件和軟件兩部分構成。硬件部分由傳感器節(jié)點、網(wǎng)關、移動小車和上位機構成，軟件部分由IAR、ZigBee協(xié)議棧Z-Stack、定位圖形監(jiān)控軟件Z-Location Engine和LabVIEW繪制的軌跡運行控制平臺構成。在實驗室進行實驗驗證：在5m5m的小范圍內，對RSSI改進前和改進后的算法進行了驗證，得出相對誤差減小13.9%；在6m12m的范圍內對TLM策略的定位方法進行驗證，得出相對誤差減小22.2%。 實驗結果驗證了采用TLM策略更能準確反映實際環(huán)境中隨著距離的不同采用不同算法帶來的優(yōu)越性，定位相對誤差減小，改善了傳統(tǒng)單獨利用RSSI或者DV-Hop定位造成相對誤差較大的狀況。
[Abstract]:In recent years, wireless sensor networks (WSN) have gained the opportunity of rapid development, for one of the key technologies in wireless sensor networks-node location technology. Scholars at home and abroad have put forward a variety of different methods and algorithms. However, these algorithms have some limitations, such as the segmentation and error processing of the algorithm need to be improved. Therefore, it is of great significance to research and improve the positioning accuracy of wireless sensor. This paper improves the localization method based on TLM(Threshold Localization method. In this method, the node distance is less than 5m. The distance is calculated by using the improved ranging algorithm based on RSSI(Received SignalStrength indicator. When the distance is more than 5 m, the distance is calculated by using the improved non-distance location algorithm based on DV-Hop. In view of the shortcomings of error processing, the least square method is used to fit the RSSI-d curve in the improvement of ranging algorithm. In the improvement process of the non-ranging algorithm, the scattered nodes with insufficient connectivity in DV-Hop are used to analyze the error, and the whole error processing realizes the segmentation. Finally, the weighted calculation method is used in the coordinate calculation. A larger weight is given to the nearest node, which makes the coordinate calculation closer to the reality. This paper designs a wireless sensor network positioning system to verify the effectiveness of the improved method. The system is composed of hardware and software. The hardware part is composed of sensor nodes and gateways. The software is composed of IARX ZigBee protocol stack Z-Stack. The location-graphics monitoring software Z-Location Engine and the trajectory control platform drawn by LabVIEW are constructed. The experimental results in the laboratory are as follows: within a small range of 5m5m. The algorithm before and after the improvement of RSSI is verified, and the relative error is reduced by 13.9. The location method of TLM strategy is verified in the range of 6m12m, and the relative error is reduced by 22.2%. The experimental results show that the TLM strategy can more accurately reflect the advantages of different algorithms with different distances in the actual environment, and the relative error of location is reduced. The relative error caused by traditional RSSI or DV-Hop positioning is improved.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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