本文關(guān)鍵詞：高頻地波雷達多域協(xié)同抗電離層雜波干擾方法研究　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：由于工作在電磁環(huán)境復(fù)雜的短波波段,高頻地波雷達容易受到短波電臺、電離層雜波等各類射頻干擾的影響。其中,電離層雜波是目前限制高頻地波雷達生存能力的最大因素。傳統(tǒng)高頻地波雷達抗電離層雜波的方法主要使用時頻域、空域和極化域的部分信息進行雜波抑制,由于未充分利用目標(biāo)與雜波的全部信息,抗干擾的效果受到限制,適用范圍也存在一定局限性。綜合利用空域和極化信號處理的優(yōu)勢,實現(xiàn)多域協(xié)同抗干擾是解決上述問題的有效手段。本課題以空域信號處理和極化域信號處理為基礎(chǔ),研究了以斜投影為數(shù)學(xué)工具進行干擾抑制的方法,深入挖掘空域和極化域濾波的潛力。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進一步研究將時頻域、空域和極化域信號處理有機結(jié)合進行多域協(xié)同電離層雜波抑制的系統(tǒng)和方法。全文的主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1、第2章中基于長期觀測的大量實測數(shù)據(jù),分析了電離層雜波在時域、多普勒域、極化域以及空域的特征,研究了電離層雜波的時間非平穩(wěn)性。然后在簡要介紹斜投影算子的基礎(chǔ)上,概述了多域協(xié)同抗干擾方法的基本框架,為后續(xù)抗干擾方法研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。2、第3章中具體研究了在空域進行干擾抑制的方法。利用空域濾波進行干擾抑制是當(dāng)今高頻地波雷達抑制射頻干擾的主要手段,但也存在一系列的問題。首先是如何設(shè)計最優(yōu)濾波器,在保持目標(biāo)信號相參特性的同時實現(xiàn)最優(yōu)的干擾抑制;其次,如何實現(xiàn)多干擾條件下的干擾抑制也是亟待解決的問題;此外,考慮到高頻地波雷達實際系統(tǒng)的陣列孔徑受限,往往導(dǎo)致常規(guī)空域濾波器無法形成足夠窄的主瓣或空域凹口,當(dāng)電離層雜波與目標(biāo)方位較為接近時,濾波后信干比改善不理想。為解決上述問題,本章中首先以斜投影空域濾波器為基礎(chǔ),針對單干擾抑制問題提出了基于最優(yōu)SINR準(zhǔn)則的改進斜投影空域濾波器。斜投影空域濾波器可保證目標(biāo)無失真的通過,同時在干擾方位形成空域零陷將其抑制。從而在最大程度上抑制干擾的同時保持目標(biāo)信號的相參特性。特別的,這種抑制能力對位于主瓣外和主瓣內(nèi)的干擾同樣有效,具備抑制主瓣干擾的能力。針對斜投影空域濾波器在空間主角較小時的噪聲增益較大問題,提出了基于SINR最優(yōu)準(zhǔn)則的改進斜投影空域濾波器,改善了低信噪比條件下斜投影空域濾波的SINR性能。針對多干擾抑制問題,本文提出了斜投影空域濾波的多干擾抑制算法,針對多個方位同時存在電離層雜波的情況,在距離多普勒域進行干擾抑制。該方法通過構(gòu)造多個并行的斜投影空域濾波器,在干擾方位分別形成相應(yīng)的空域零陷以期分別抑制多個電離層雜波。以此為基礎(chǔ),在距離多普勒域進行邏輯積操作,從而將所有干擾同時抑制掉。進一步的,本章提出了一種距離多普勒域的主瓣干擾抑制空域濾波算法,用于解決干擾方位無法準(zhǔn)確估計時的干擾抑制問題。該算法在多干擾抑制算法的基礎(chǔ)上,一方面增加空域凹口的數(shù)量,以覆蓋更多的非期望方向;另一方面利用單個斜投影空域濾波器可抑制主瓣內(nèi)干擾的特點,通過將部分凹口設(shè)置在主瓣內(nèi)實現(xiàn)了主瓣干擾抑制。3、第4章中研究極化域干擾抑制方法�；谛蓖队暗臉O化濾波器由于無需滿足極化子空間的正交性,在干擾極化抑制方面具有很大的潛力,但目前斜投影極化濾波器主要在時域和頻域進行。本文將其進一步拓展到距離多普勒域和距離時間域。首先,提出了距離多普勒域電離層雜波抑制算法。針對功率較低的電離層雜波,在距離多普勒域設(shè)定雜波樣本窗進行極化估計和雜波抑制;其次,提出了距離時間域電離層雜波抑制算法,針對能量和非平穩(wěn)性較強的電離層雜波在距離時間域進行分組估計和極化抑制。最后,在兩種算法的基礎(chǔ)上提出了電離層雜波綜合抑制的方案,在極化域?qū)崿F(xiàn)了對非平穩(wěn)電離層雜波的有效抑制。4、第5章中研究多域協(xié)同干擾抑制方法,提出了斜投影空域極化域協(xié)同濾波干擾抑制算法并對高頻地波雷達電離層雜波干擾進行了抑制。斜投影空域濾波和極化濾波具有各自的特點,但是當(dāng)目標(biāo)與雜波方位完全重合或者極化狀態(tài)接近時,上述兩種濾波器的性能都會變差。為解決這一問題,論文中利用極化敏感陣列同時獲取信號空域和極化域信息,并以此為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建了多域協(xié)同系統(tǒng)模型。文中首先研究了基于極化敏感陣列的斜投影多域協(xié)同濾波器的優(yōu)勢和特點;其次,研究了極化敏感陣列信號參數(shù)估計的等效方法;再次,研究了具有極化輔助通道的高頻地波雷達天線陣與極化敏感陣列之間的關(guān)系;最后,結(jié)合距離多普勒域的斜投影極化濾波和斜投影空域濾波算法的思想,提出了斜投影空域極化域協(xié)同濾波干擾抑制算法,在空域和極化聯(lián)合域?qū)崿F(xiàn)了電離層雜波的多域協(xié)同抑制。此外,還進一步提出了多波束合成算法,在保持雜波抑制效果的同時擴大了觀測目標(biāo)的角度范圍,以保持與傳統(tǒng)雷達相近的處理效果。理論分析和實測數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果表明:利用本文提出的基于斜投影的空域和極化域濾波算法,電離層雜波可得到較好的抑制;而多域協(xié)同處理可在此基礎(chǔ)上,實現(xiàn)更好的雜波抑制效果。論文驗證了多域協(xié)同處理的優(yōu)勢和可行性,為下一代高頻地波雷達抗干擾提供了一種有價值的解決方案,也為后續(xù)基于極化敏感陣列的抗干擾研究提供了啟發(fā)和思路。
[Abstract]:Because of the complicated electromagnetic environment in short wave band, high frequency ground wave radar is vulnerable to shortwave radio, effects of ionospheric clutter and other types of radio frequency interference. The ionospheric clutter is the biggest factor currently limiting HF radar survivability. The traditional method is mainly used in high frequency ground wave radar anti ionospheric clutter in time domain, spatial domain and partial information polarization domain to suppress clutter, because did not make full use of all the information of targets and clutter, anti-jamming effect is limited, the scope also has its limitations. The comprehensive utilization of spatial and polarization signal processing technology, multi domain collaborative jamming is an effective means to solve these problems. This paper is based on the spatial signal processing and polarization domain signal processing, the oblique projection as a mathematical tool for interference suppression method, dig the spatial and polarization domain filtering potential Force. On this basis, further study the time-frequency domain, spatial and polarization domain signal processing based on multi domain collaborative ionospheric clutter suppression system and method. The main research contents are as follows: 1, a large number of measured data based on long term observation in the second chapter, analysis of the ionospheric clutter in time domain and Doppler domain. Polarization domain and spatial characteristics of ionospheric clutter time non-stationary. Then based on a brief introduction of the oblique projection operator, the basic framework of collaborative anti-interference methods outlined in multi domain, for the subsequent anti interference method research.2 lay the foundation, the third chapter studied the interference suppression method in airspace. Interference suppression is the main means to suppress the RF interference in HF radar using spatial filtering, but there are also a series of problems. The first is how to design the optimal filter, while maintaining the target letter The number of coherent characteristics at the same time achieve optimal interference suppression; secondly, how to realize multi interference under the condition of suppression is a problem to be solved; in addition, taking into account the limited array aperture in HF radar practical system, often leads to conventional spatial filter to form a sufficiently narrow mainlobe notch or airspace, the ionospheric clutter and target when the range is close, the filtered SNR improvement is not ideal. In order to solve the above problems, this chapter begins with the oblique projection filter based on single interference suppression is proposed to improve SINR quasi optimal spatial filter is based on the oblique projection. The oblique projection filter can ensure the target without distortion by, at the same time the interference range form the airspace null suppression. To suppress the interference to the greatest extent while maintaining coherent characteristics of target signal. In particular, the inhibition ability of Located in the main lobe interference in the main beam and equally effective, with inhibition of mainlobe interference. The oblique projection filter in spatial noise gain larger space is small the protagonist, improved oblique projection filter SINR optimal criterion based on the improved SINR performance in low SNR conditions under projection spatial filtering for multiple interference suppression, interference suppression algorithm is proposed in this paper. The oblique projection of spatial filter, according to multiple directions exist at the same time ionospheric clutter, in the range Doppler domain interference suppression. The method by constructing multiple parallel oblique projection in spatial filter, interference range respectively form corresponding null space in order to inhibit multiple ionospheric clutter. On this basis, in the range Doppler domain logic operation, which will all interference and suppressed. Furthermore, this chapter puts forward A mainlobe range Doppler domain interference suppression spatial filtering algorithm, for solving the interference range can not be accurately estimated when the interference suppression problem. The algorithm is based on the interference suppression algorithm in hand, increase the number of notches in non airspace, and expect to cover more features; on the other hand the use of a single oblique projection the spatial filter can suppress mainlobe interference, some of the notch is arranged on the main valve in the realization of the main lobe interference suppression.3, interference suppression method in polarization domain in the fourth chapter. Based on the oblique projection polarization filter due to orthogonality without full polaron space, has great potential in suppressing interference polarization. But at present, the oblique projection polarization filter in time domain and frequency domain. This paper will further expand to range Doppler domain and range time domain. First of all, the range Doppler domain electric separation Clutter suppression algorithm for low power ionospheric clutter, clutter in range Doppler domain set sample window polarization estimation and clutter suppression; secondly, the distance of time domain ionospheric clutter suppression algorithm for energy and nonstationarity of ionospheric clutter in the range time domain grouping and polarization estimation suppression. Finally, on the basis of the two algorithms proposed ionospheric clutter suppression scheme in polarization domain can effectively inhibit.4 of non-stationary ionospheric clutter, study on the coordination of multi domain interference suppression method in the fifth chapter, the oblique projection polarization domain collaborative filtering algorithm and the high frequency interference suppression surface wave radar ionospheric clutter was suppressed. The oblique projection polarization filtering and spatial filtering have their own characteristics, but when the target and the clutter range coincide or polarization state is close to the two The performance of filters will become worse. In order to solve this problem, and obtain the signal spatial and polarization domain information using polarization sensitive array in this paper, and based on the construction of multi domain collaborative system model. This paper firstly discusses the advantages and characteristics of the filter with oblique projection polarization sensitive array based on multi domain association; secondly, study the equivalent estimation method of polarization sensitive array parameters; thirdly, study the relationship between the polarization of the auxiliary channel with high frequency ground wave radar antenna array with polarization sensitive array; finally, combined with the oblique projection polarization filtering range Doppler domain and oblique projection spatial filtering algorithm, the oblique projection polarization domain coordination the filtering algorithm of interference suppression, the spatial and polarization domain to realize multi domain ionospheric clutter suppression coordination. In addition, further puts forward the multi beam synthesis algorithm, while maintaining the Clutter suppression effect at the same time to expand the target range, in order to maintain the treatment effect with the traditional radar similar. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed spatial and polarization domain filtering algorithm based on oblique projection, to better Bokede ionospheric clutter suppression; and multi domain collaboration processing based on the clutter suppression effect to achieve better. The paper shows the advantage and feasibility of multi domain collaborative processing, provides a valuable solution for the next generation of HF radar anti-jamming, but also for the subsequent research on anti jamming based on polarization sensitive array provides inspiration and ideas.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TN958

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