發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-01 11:08

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：小型化Ka波段窄波束天線研究　出處：《電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： Vivaldi天線 直線陣均勻激勵(lì)反射器天線 龍伯透鏡

【摘要】：天線波瓣的大小是雷達(dá)特別是預(yù)警測(cè)繪雷達(dá)的重要特性之一。其窄波束、低副瓣能夠較大的提高雷達(dá)天線的分辨率以及抗干擾能力。對(duì)雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)的研制有著重要的意義。本論文要研究的內(nèi)容主要包括:陣列天線中的單元天線選取,Vivaldi天線的設(shè)計(jì),天線陣列的排布以及其饋線的研究,反射器天線以及透鏡天線結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)陣列天線窄波束化以及小型化的影響。首先說(shuō)明了天線陣列化是實(shí)現(xiàn)天線波瓣窄波束的重要途徑,在選取陣列天線的單元天線時(shí),在Ka波段中對(duì)比微帶貼片天線和Vivaldi天線的特性,同時(shí)考慮到陣列天線的饋線問(wèn)題以及Vivaldi天線波瓣自身的定向性,選擇Vivaldi天線作為陣列天線的陣元。在設(shè)計(jì)Vivaldi天線時(shí),通過(guò)經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式設(shè)計(jì)Vivaldi天線的槽線、槽線型諧振腔、漸變線等結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)再對(duì)單個(gè)天線的饋線部分進(jìn)行分析,找出能實(shí)現(xiàn)窄波束的Vivaldi天線尺寸。在確定單元天線后,進(jìn)行陣列天線的組陣研究。將Vivaldi天線看成點(diǎn)源,在不考慮因天線尺寸造成的互藕?jiǎn)栴},對(duì)其進(jìn)行圓環(huán)陣列仿真。并將實(shí)際Vivaldi天線的遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)通過(guò)矩陣代入陣因子中。得出Vivaldi環(huán)形陣列天線的波瓣方向圖。再嘗試進(jìn)行激勵(lì)的等間距陣列仿真,將兩種模式進(jìn)行對(duì)比。通過(guò)對(duì)比,結(jié)合實(shí)際天線的情況,選擇直線陣均勻激勵(lì)的饋線方式。并對(duì)該陣列天線設(shè)計(jì)功分器設(shè)計(jì)。在功分器的選擇上,對(duì)比了威爾金森功分器以及T型公分器。選擇了T型功分器對(duì)Vivaldi陣列天線進(jìn)行饋線。在對(duì)天線波束進(jìn)行銳化的途徑中,除了陣元分布自身的排列方式,還可以選擇其他的方式,引入反射器天線和透鏡,嘗試使用夾角反射器天線,通過(guò)仿真觀察其對(duì)波束寬度的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)其對(duì)波瓣具有一定的約束作用,但是會(huì)造成旁瓣過(guò)大。通過(guò)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),天線后向輻射通過(guò)反射器后會(huì)反射與前向輻射疊加時(shí)兩種輻射的相位相近,從而旁瓣增大。進(jìn)而嘗試龍伯透鏡天線,發(fā)現(xiàn)能使波束變窄,增益增大的特性。根據(jù)電磁波在不同介質(zhì)中的傳播特性,建立六面體通孔透鏡。同樣也具有提高增益,降低波束的作用。最后將這種透鏡與Vivaldi陣列天線結(jié)合,發(fā)現(xiàn)其約束波束的能力有限。通過(guò)分析得出透鏡在波束寬度為3°左右的情況下,由于增益的提高程度與自身增益比值較小,因此窄波束的能力較小的特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:The antenna lobe size is one of the important characteristics of early warning radars especially mapping radar. Its narrow beam, low sidelobe can greatly improve the resolution of radar antenna and anti-jamming ability. Has an important significance for the development of radar system. The research content mainly includes: the unit antenna array in the selection. The design of Vivaldi antenna, antenna array arrangement and its research on feeder, influence of reflector antenna and lens antenna structure of antenna array of narrow beam and miniaturization. The antenna array is an important way to realize the antenna lobe narrow beam antenna, in the selection of antenna array, compared with the characteristic of microstrip patch antenna and the Vivaldi antenna in the Ka band, taking into account the directional feeder of the antenna array and Vivaldi antenna pattern itself, as the array antenna selection Vivaldi The antenna array element. In the design of Vivaldi antenna, slot line through empirical formula design of Vivaldi antenna, slot line resonator, gradient line structure, and then part of a single antenna feeder is analyzed, find out the Vivaldi size of the antenna can achieve a narrow beam. In determining unit day line, array of array antenna. The Vivaldi antenna as a point source, without considering the mutual coupling problem caused by the size of the antenna, for ring array on the simulation. And the actual Vivaldi antenna far field through the matrix into the array factor. Lobe pattern that Vivaldi ring array antenna. Then try to motivate the space array simulation. Comparing the two kinds of mode. By contrast, combined with the actual situation of the antenna selection, uniform linear array excitation. And feeder divider design of the antenna array design work. In the power divider on the choice of the ratio of Wei Seoul gold Sengong divider and T type device. Cm selected the T type power divider feeder of Vivaldi array antenna. In the way of sharpening the antenna beam, in addition to its element distribution arrangement, also can choose the other way, the introduction of reflector antenna and lens, try to use the angle of reflector antenna, by the simulation to observe the influence of beam width. We find that it has some restriction effect on lobe, but the cause of sidelobe is too large. The analysis found that the antenna phase after the radiation through the reflector after reflection and radiation prior to the superposition of two kinds of radiation similar to sidelobe increases. And then try to find Luneberg lens antenna to narrow the beam characteristics, the gain increases. According to the characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagating in different media, the establishment of hexahedral hole lens. Also can increase the gain, reduce the beam effect. This will be the most The combination of lens and Vivaldi array antenna shows that its limited beam steering ability is limited. Through analysis, it is obtained that when the beam width is about 3 degrees, because the ratio of gain to gain is smaller than its own gain, the narrow beam capability is relatively small.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TN957.2

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本文編號(hào)：1364237