《渾天儀說》的成書背景及其傳入中國的意義
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-20 11:16
【摘要】：《渾天儀說》是由傳教士湯若望根據歐洲天文著作編撰的一本關于天文儀器的著作,在順治二年被新編到《西洋新法歷書》中。本文詳細研讀了湯若望的譯著《渾天儀說》,探討了明末清初的歷史背景和當時天文學、天文儀器的發(fā)展情況,特別探討了湯若望在譯撰《渾天儀說》及其編入《西洋新法歷書》前后的相關工作,并深入研究了《渾天儀說》中被后人研究和運用的一些實例。文章主要運用文獻查閱法、邏輯歸納法以及前人研究成果引證分析的方法進行研究,文章共分為以下四個部分。第一章緒論中介紹了明末清初時期的歷史背景,包括西方天文歷法的輸入與西方天文儀器的傳入,探討了徐光啟等人對《崇禎歷書》的編寫過程,總結出前人對《渾天儀說》的研究大都淺嘗輒止,這也正是本文的研究意義和努力目標。第二章介紹了《渾天儀說》的成書背景,在前人對湯若望的研究基礎上,概括了湯若望在華經歷和他在本時期的天文著作。深入研究了湯若望歸入清朝刊印《西洋新法歷書》的過程,簡要分析了《渾天儀說》編入《西洋新法歷書》的原因。第三章主要是探析《渾天儀說》這本書的主要內容及流傳影響。從渾儀用法序入手,探究這對本書的理解和運用。包括研究了湯若望運用亞里士多德的哲學思想、西方古典自然哲學傳統(tǒng)、科學意思想等哲學方法對渾天儀的原理進行了論證。研究了書中介紹的天文儀器,包括天球儀、演示渾儀的主要構造和用法,以及卷二到卷五例舉的渾天儀的用法實例。本文從這四卷中分別選出一小節(jié),包括求北極出地度、依比例原法復解圓線三角形、依渾儀制日晷、天地各球十二長圓形圖進行詳細的研究,分析《渾天儀說》中的內容在日后的流傳與影響,通過這些應用實例分析這本書的實用價值。這一章還厘清了當時背景下中國天文儀器的現(xiàn)狀,大部分測天儀器年久失修,刻度都已不準確。徐光啟、李天經和傳教士等人奉命制造新的天文儀器。探討了李天經和南懷仁參考《渾天儀說》中的部分內容設計制造天體儀等天文儀器。第四章作為本文的結論部分,從天文學角度和哲學思想角度研究了《渾天儀說》在中國流傳的意義�？陀^的評價了《渾天儀說》在明末清初的歷史大背景下的地位,分析出書中的內容與同時期中的西方相比是落后的,但在當時的中國卻是先進的�？偨Y了其在天文儀器、數學天文學和星圖方面影響的成功之處,也分析出了其存在有些內容編寫粗糙且不實用等問題,并入探討了當時背景下引進和制造西式天儀器的意義。
[Abstract]:The theory of Muddy Heaven is a book on astronomical instruments compiled by Tang Ruowang, a missionary, according to European astronomical works, which was newly compiled in Shunzhi in the New Calendar of Western Law in two years. This paper has studied Tang Ruowang's translated book, the Theory of Muddy Heaven, and discussed the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the development of astronomy and astronomical instruments at that time. In particular, Tang Ruowang discusses the relevant work before and after the translation and compilation of the theory of "Hun Tian Yi" and its compilation into the "New Calendar of Western Law", and makes a thorough study of some examples which have been studied and applied by later generations in "the Theory of Hun Tian Yi". This paper mainly uses the methods of literature reference, logical induction and the analysis of previous research results. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, including the input of western astronomical calendars and the introduction of western astronomical instruments, and discusses the writing process of Chongzhen Calendar by Xu Guangqi et al. It is concluded that most of the previous researches on "muddy sky theory" are superficial, which is also the significance and goal of this paper. The second chapter introduces the background of the book, summarizes Tang Ruowang's experience in China and his astronomical works in this period on the basis of his predecessors' research on Tang Ruowang. This paper studies the process of Tang Ruowang's publication of the New Western Calendar in the Qing Dynasty, and briefly analyzes the reasons for the inclusion of "the Theory of the Hun Tian Yi" in the "New Western Calendar". The third chapter mainly analyzes the main contents and the influence of the book. This paper explores the understanding and application of this book from the preface to the usage of the muddy instrument. Including the study of Tang Ruowang's philosophy of Aristotle, the western classical natural philosophy tradition, scientific ideas and other philosophical methods to prove the principle of muddy sky. This paper studies the astronomical instruments introduced in the book, including the celestial sphere instrument, the main structure and usage of the demonstration turbid instrument, and the examples of the use of the turbid celestial instrument with volumes 2 to 5. In this paper, one section is selected from each of the four volumes, which includes finding out the north pole, solving circular triangle by proportional method, making sundials by turbid instrument, and making 12 long circles of each sphere in heaven and earth for detailed study. This paper analyzes the circulation and influence of the content in the theory of muddy sky, and analyzes the practical value of the book through these application examples. This chapter also clarifies the current situation of Chinese astronomical instruments in the background, most of which are out of repair and inaccurate in calibration. Xu Guangqi, Li Tianjing and missionaries were ordered to build new astronomical instruments. This paper discusses the design and manufacture of astronomical instruments such as celestial instruments in Li Tianjing and Ferdinand Verbiest reference. The fourth chapter, as the conclusion of this paper, studies the significance of the theory of muddy sky in China from the point of view of astronomy and philosophy. This paper objectively evaluates the position of the theory of muddy sky in the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and analyzes that the content of the book is backward compared with the western countries in the same period, but it is advanced in China at that time. This paper summarizes the success of its influence on astronomical instruments, mathematical astronomy and star maps, and analyzes some problems such as rough and impractical writing of some of its contents, and discusses the significance of the introduction and manufacture of western celestial instruments in the background at that time.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P111
本文編號：2193383
[Abstract]:The theory of Muddy Heaven is a book on astronomical instruments compiled by Tang Ruowang, a missionary, according to European astronomical works, which was newly compiled in Shunzhi in the New Calendar of Western Law in two years. This paper has studied Tang Ruowang's translated book, the Theory of Muddy Heaven, and discussed the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the development of astronomy and astronomical instruments at that time. In particular, Tang Ruowang discusses the relevant work before and after the translation and compilation of the theory of "Hun Tian Yi" and its compilation into the "New Calendar of Western Law", and makes a thorough study of some examples which have been studied and applied by later generations in "the Theory of Hun Tian Yi". This paper mainly uses the methods of literature reference, logical induction and the analysis of previous research results. The article is divided into four parts. The first chapter introduces the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, including the input of western astronomical calendars and the introduction of western astronomical instruments, and discusses the writing process of Chongzhen Calendar by Xu Guangqi et al. It is concluded that most of the previous researches on "muddy sky theory" are superficial, which is also the significance and goal of this paper. The second chapter introduces the background of the book, summarizes Tang Ruowang's experience in China and his astronomical works in this period on the basis of his predecessors' research on Tang Ruowang. This paper studies the process of Tang Ruowang's publication of the New Western Calendar in the Qing Dynasty, and briefly analyzes the reasons for the inclusion of "the Theory of the Hun Tian Yi" in the "New Western Calendar". The third chapter mainly analyzes the main contents and the influence of the book. This paper explores the understanding and application of this book from the preface to the usage of the muddy instrument. Including the study of Tang Ruowang's philosophy of Aristotle, the western classical natural philosophy tradition, scientific ideas and other philosophical methods to prove the principle of muddy sky. This paper studies the astronomical instruments introduced in the book, including the celestial sphere instrument, the main structure and usage of the demonstration turbid instrument, and the examples of the use of the turbid celestial instrument with volumes 2 to 5. In this paper, one section is selected from each of the four volumes, which includes finding out the north pole, solving circular triangle by proportional method, making sundials by turbid instrument, and making 12 long circles of each sphere in heaven and earth for detailed study. This paper analyzes the circulation and influence of the content in the theory of muddy sky, and analyzes the practical value of the book through these application examples. This chapter also clarifies the current situation of Chinese astronomical instruments in the background, most of which are out of repair and inaccurate in calibration. Xu Guangqi, Li Tianjing and missionaries were ordered to build new astronomical instruments. This paper discusses the design and manufacture of astronomical instruments such as celestial instruments in Li Tianjing and Ferdinand Verbiest reference. The fourth chapter, as the conclusion of this paper, studies the significance of the theory of muddy sky in China from the point of view of astronomy and philosophy. This paper objectively evaluates the position of the theory of muddy sky in the historical background of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and analyzes that the content of the book is backward compared with the western countries in the same period, but it is advanced in China at that time. This paper summarizes the success of its influence on astronomical instruments, mathematical astronomy and star maps, and analyzes some problems such as rough and impractical writing of some of its contents, and discusses the significance of the introduction and manufacture of western celestial instruments in the background at that time.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P111
【參考文獻】
相關期刊論文 前1條
1 褚龍飛;石云里;;第谷月亮理論在中國的傳播[J];中國科技史雜志;2013年03期
，本文編號：2193383
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/kejilunwen/tianwen/2193383.html
