【摘要】：太陽系行星中,包含大氣的星球有地球、火星、木星、金星等。各行星具有不同的大氣成分和結構。研究模擬行星大氣輻射傳輸過程對行星大氣成分探測、環(huán)境變化監(jiān)測等具有重要的意義。微波-亞毫米波是遙感行星大氣和表面的重要手段之一。常用的微波-亞毫米波大氣吸收模式MPM/PWR,只能得到水汽、氧氣、氮氣在1-1000GHz頻段內(nèi)的吸收系數(shù),無法模擬其它氣體成分或更高頻率的吸收特性。針對探測地球中高層大氣成分或者其它行星大氣的需求,本文采用逐線積分方法,基于HIRTRAN數(shù)據(jù)庫中各氣體分子的光譜參數(shù),進行各氣體分子在微波-亞毫米波波段吸收特征的模擬。利用輻射傳輸方程,對不同觀測方式下的行星大氣輻射亮溫進行仿真,為后續(xù)地球乃至行星大氣成分探測模擬、頻帶的選擇以及大氣成分廓線反演提供模型及理論依據(jù)。本文首先詳述了地球及火星的大氣成分和結構。闡述了向上觀測、垂直觀測以及臨邊觀測三種觀測方式的探測機理,并對常用微波亞毫米波大氣吸收模式MPM/PWR進行分析。重點分析了國外的微波-亞毫米波大氣輻射傳輸模型的特點。之后,利用逐線積分方法計算行星大氣的氣體吸收系數(shù)。在逐線積分過程中,針對不同壓強溫度下的譜線線形的選擇進行分析。為了在不影響精度的前提下提高計算速度,采用線形截斷的方法,并將逐線積分方法與MPM/PWR模式進行了分析比較。通過計算行星大氣中各種氣體在特定溫度、壓強、密度下的1-3000GHz范圍內(nèi)的吸收系數(shù),分析了氣體在微波-亞毫米波波段的吸收特性,并定量分析了HIRTRAN2012數(shù)據(jù)庫中的譜線強度和空氣半展寬的不確定性帶來的系統(tǒng)誤差。最后,利用輻射傳輸方程,模擬了行星大氣輻射傳輸過程。進行了向上觀測、天底觀測、臨邊觀測模式下的地球大氣輻射亮溫仿真;分析了地基微波-亞毫米波輻射計探測大氣污染物的可行性;進行了臨邊探測下大氣成分變化的敏感性分析;根據(jù)火星大氣探測結果假設火星大氣廓線信息,仿真了臨邊探測下火星大氣的輻射亮溫。這些為進一步行星大氣探測系統(tǒng)的通道設計和科學目標獲取提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Solar system planets, including the atmosphere of the planet Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Venus and so on. Each planet has different atmospheric composition and structure. It is of great significance to study the radiative transfer process of the planetary atmosphere to detect the composition of the planetary atmosphere and to monitor the environmental changes. Microwave-sub-millimeter wave is one of the important means of remote sensing planet atmosphere and surface. The microwave / submillimeter wave atmospheric absorption model MPM / PWR can only obtain the absorption coefficients of water vapor oxygen and nitrogen in the 1-1000GHz band and can not simulate the absorption characteristics of other gas components or higher frequencies. Aiming at the demand of detecting the upper atmosphere composition or other planetary atmospheres of the earth, the method of line by line integral is adopted in this paper, based on the spectral parameters of each gas molecule in the HIRTRAN database. The absorption characteristics of each gas molecule in microwave-submillimeter wave band were simulated. By using the radiation transfer equation, the radiative bright temperature of the planetary atmosphere under different observation modes is simulated, which provides a model and theoretical basis for the subsequent exploration simulation of the composition of the earth and the planetary atmosphere, the selection of the frequency band and the inversion of the atmospheric component profile. In this paper, the atmospheric composition and structure of Earth and Mars are described in detail. In this paper, the detection mechanism of upward observation, vertical observation and borderline observation is described, and the atmospheric absorption model MPM/PWR of microwave submillimeter wave is analyzed. The characteristics of microwave-submillimeter wave atmospheric radiation transfer model abroad are analyzed. After that, the gas absorption coefficient of the planetary atmosphere is calculated by the method of line-by-line integral. In the process of line-by-line integration, the selection of line shape at different pressure and temperature is analyzed. In order to improve the calculation speed without affecting the accuracy, the linear truncation method is adopted, and the line-by-line integral method is compared with the MPM/PWR model. By calculating the absorption coefficients of various gases in the planetary atmosphere in the range of 1-3000GHz at specific temperature, pressure and density, the absorption characteristics of gases in the microwave / submillimeter wave band are analyzed. The systematic error caused by the uncertainty of spectral line intensity and air half-broadening in HIRTRAN2012 database is analyzed quantitatively. Finally, the radiation transfer process of the planetary atmosphere is simulated by using the radiation transfer equation. The emulation of atmospheric radiation bright temperature in the mode of upward observation, bottom observation and observation at the edge of the earth is carried out, and the feasibility of detecting atmospheric pollutants by ground-based microwave and sub-millimeter wave radiometer is analyzed. The sensitivity analysis of atmospheric composition changes under the condition of edge detection is carried out, and the radiative brightness temperature of Mars atmosphere is simulated based on the assumption of Mars atmospheric profile information based on the results of Mars atmospheric exploration. These provide theoretical basis for the channel design and scientific target acquisition of further planetary atmospheric exploration system.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院國家空間科學中心
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P185

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本文編號：2173997