【摘要】：高新技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展,使武器裝備發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛躍,目前,天文測量主要是通過經(jīng)緯儀捕捉天體確定天體位置從而獲得方位。天文測量獲取方位主要有兩種方法:一種是太陽高度法、太陽時(shí)角法測量獲取,另一種是借助于夜間照明工具進(jìn)行北極星時(shí)角法測量獲取。經(jīng)緯儀捕捉太陽時(shí),需要接眼遮光鏡等配合,并且望遠(yuǎn)鏡需根據(jù)太陽運(yùn)行規(guī)律跟蹤太陽運(yùn)動(dòng)。北極星時(shí)角法測定方位時(shí),需要在鏡中識別北極星、準(zhǔn)確確定其位置。由于天體始終處于運(yùn)動(dòng)中,捕捉和尋找天體需要既快且準(zhǔn),對人員操作技能提出了很高要求,需要較長時(shí)間培訓(xùn);同時(shí),日常訓(xùn)練受天候影響較大。這些導(dǎo)致了培訓(xùn)相應(yīng)的作業(yè)人員周期長、難度大,也已經(jīng)越來越影響天文測量作用的發(fā)揮,制約了作戰(zhàn)效率的提高,部隊(duì)迫切需要相關(guān)的訓(xùn)練模擬器材。為了在實(shí)際的裝備中完成模擬和訓(xùn)練功能,必須對上級配發(fā)的經(jīng)緯儀進(jìn)行改造,高精度的數(shù)字編碼器被分別安裝在經(jīng)緯儀的高低和方向上,通過它實(shí)時(shí)的采集高低和方向數(shù)據(jù),并通過采集模塊將采集和校驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)迅速的發(fā)送到上位機(jī),在上位機(jī)上實(shí)時(shí)模擬顯示來自經(jīng)緯儀的望遠(yuǎn)鏡中的畫面,場景的如何變化主要是取決于來自經(jīng)緯儀上的采集模塊的數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)生成視場,從而真實(shí)模擬天文測量的過程。整個(gè)天文測量訓(xùn)練模擬系統(tǒng)由數(shù)字化后的經(jīng)緯儀、三角架、計(jì)算機(jī)、分頻器、傳感器、PDA、數(shù)傳電纜等組成,改造的經(jīng)緯儀主要有顯示單元、高低單元,方向單元和各種旋(按)紐組成。實(shí)際的使用方法和步驟與實(shí)裝的經(jīng)緯儀基本相同,顯示單元是由迷你的小尺寸的高分辨率的液晶屏幕構(gòu)成模擬觀察鏡,屏幕上能顯示出所觀察方向相應(yīng)視場大小的三維視景圖像,該圖像由計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)成像生成,同時(shí)還顯示經(jīng)緯儀的方向角、高低角數(shù)據(jù)。嵌入式控制計(jì)算機(jī)主要的工作是負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)的采集和將采集的消息及時(shí)的發(fā)送到上位控制計(jì)算機(jī),采集的數(shù)據(jù)主要是來自安裝在經(jīng)緯儀的上面的高精度的數(shù)字編碼器上的方向信息、高低信息以及由激光測距機(jī)的獲取的距離等數(shù)據(jù)。該論文以實(shí)現(xiàn)模擬器與實(shí)裝盡量一致為原則,設(shè)計(jì)了模擬天體捕測器材,其外觀、功能、操作手感與實(shí)裝一致,實(shí)現(xiàn)了天文測量的綜合訓(xùn)練仿真。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high and new technology, weapons and equipment have made a qualitative leap. At present, astronomical measurement mainly uses theodolite to capture the celestial bodies to determine the position of celestial bodies and obtain the azimuth. There are two main methods to obtain azimuth by astronomical measurement: one is the solar altimetry, the other is to measure the azimuth of the North Star with the help of the night illumination tool. When the theodolite catches the sun, it needs the eye shading mirror and the telescope to track the sun motion according to the law of the sun. When determining the azimuth of Polaris, it is necessary to identify the Polaris in the mirror and determine its position accurately. Since the celestial bodies are always in motion, it is necessary to capture and find the celestial bodies quickly and accurately, which requires a high requirement for personnel operation skills, and requires a long time of training. At the same time, the daily training is greatly affected by the weather. These results in the long period and difficulty of training the corresponding operators, and it has more and more influence on the role of astronomical measurement, which restricts the improvement of operational efficiency. The army urgently needs related training simulation equipment. In order to complete the simulation and training function in the actual equipment, the theodolite assigned by the superior must be reformed. The high-precision digital encoder is installed on the height and direction of the theodolite respectively, through which the height and direction data are collected in real time. And through the acquisition module to collect and verify the data quickly sent to the upper computer, real-time simulation in the upper computer display from the theodolite telescope screen, How the scene changes mainly depends on the data collected from the theodolite and the computer to generate the field of view in real time so as to simulate the process of astronomical measurement. The whole astronomical measurement training and simulation system is composed of digitized theodolite, tripod, computer, frequency divider, sensor PDAs, data transmission cable, etc. The modified theodolite mainly includes display unit, high and low unit, etc. The directional unit and various rotary buttons are formed. The actual usage method and procedure are basically the same as the actual theodolite. The display unit consists of a miniature, high-resolution liquid crystal screen to form an analog observation mirror. The 3D scene image of the observed direction corresponding to the field of view can be displayed on the screen. The image is generated by the computer real-time imaging. At the same time, the direction angle, high and low angle data of theodolite are also displayed. The main work of the embedded control computer is to collect the data and send the collected information to the upper control computer in time. The data collected are mainly from the direction information, height information and the distance obtained by the laser rangefinder which are installed on the high precision digital encoder of theodolite. Based on the principle of realizing the consistency between simulator and real equipment, the paper designs the equipment of simulating celestial body capture, its appearance, function, operation feel and actual installation are the same, and the comprehensive training simulation of astronomical measurement is realized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P111;TP311.52
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本文編號：2146045