【摘要】：隨著各國對空間探測的不斷深入,要求大口徑望遠(yuǎn)鏡的口徑越來越大,分辨率越來越高,但同時帶來了諸如主次鏡支撐,視軸穩(wěn)定,結(jié)構(gòu)過于復(fù)雜等一系列問題。為了滿足結(jié)構(gòu)剛度和穩(wěn)定性要求,保證系統(tǒng)精度的同時盡可能的減少結(jié)構(gòu)重量,在設(shè)計(jì)階段就必須借助于有限元法對望遠(yuǎn)鏡全系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行全面的動靜態(tài)響應(yīng)分析,使結(jié)構(gòu)得到優(yōu)化。 為了研究望大口徑遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)級別的有限元仿真技術(shù),本文概述了望遠(yuǎn)鏡的發(fā)展,詳細(xì)解釋了有限元技術(shù)的概念,理論基礎(chǔ)及各種動靜態(tài)分析過程,總結(jié)了對望遠(yuǎn)鏡進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)級有限元分析的重要性以及國內(nèi)外望遠(yuǎn)鏡有限元分析現(xiàn)狀。然后以某地平式地基光電望遠(yuǎn)鏡為研究對象,采用理論分析,仿真模擬和試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證等方法進(jìn)行研究,具體內(nèi)容包括: 針對該大口徑地基光電望遠(yuǎn)鏡,詳細(xì)研究了其工作特點(diǎn)和各部件,子系統(tǒng)之間的連接關(guān)系,采用合理的有限元建模方法,建立了全系統(tǒng)詳盡的有限元模型;對望遠(yuǎn)鏡中的軸承和膠層連接,進(jìn)行了理論分析,在理論分析基礎(chǔ)上采用了合理的有限元模型進(jìn)行描述,得到了合理的簡化。 在建立起全系統(tǒng)的有限元模型之后,論文首先對望遠(yuǎn)鏡的各重要部件,望遠(yuǎn)鏡子系統(tǒng)以及整個系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了靜力學(xué)分析,討論了望遠(yuǎn)鏡各重要部件在工作狀態(tài)下的變形和應(yīng)力情況,計(jì)算了望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)在不同重力方向,以及靜態(tài)風(fēng)載荷作用下的主次鏡離焦和偏移情況。對望遠(yuǎn)鏡在各種工作狀態(tài)下的裝調(diào)工作做了一定的基礎(chǔ)。 接下來對望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了動力學(xué)分析方面的工作。計(jì)算了望遠(yuǎn)鏡的前十階自然頻率和模態(tài)陣型。對望遠(yuǎn)鏡在工作中可能遭遇的動態(tài)載荷,主要是風(fēng)載和地震波載荷進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的論述,建立了載荷的數(shù)學(xué)模型,并采用隨機(jī)響應(yīng)的方法進(jìn)行分析,得出了望遠(yuǎn)鏡在各種載荷頻率下的響應(yīng)情況。對望遠(yuǎn)鏡的控制起到了一定的作用。 介紹了望遠(yuǎn)鏡靈敏度分析的概念,做了望遠(yuǎn)鏡部件對其各參數(shù)的靈敏度分析以及望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)對各部件的靈敏度分析,得出了各部件對望遠(yuǎn)鏡主次鏡相對位移變化等參數(shù)的影響程度。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of space exploration, large aperture telescopes are required to have larger aperture and higher resolution, but at the same time, it brings a series of problems such as primary and secondary mirror support, stable visual axis, complex structure and so on. In order to meet the requirements of structural stiffness and stability, and to ensure the accuracy of the system and reduce the weight of the structure as much as possible, it is necessary to make a comprehensive dynamic and dynamic response analysis of the whole telescope system by means of finite element method in the design stage. Optimize the structure. In order to study the finite element simulation technology of telescopes, this paper summarizes the development of telescopes, explains in detail the concept, theoretical basis and various dynamic and static analysis processes of the finite element technique. The importance of systematic finite element analysis for telescopes and the present situation of finite element analysis of telescopes at home and abroad are summarized. Then taking the flat ground photoelectric telescope as the research object, using the methods of theoretical analysis, simulation and experimental verification, the specific contents include: aiming at the large caliber foundation photoelectric telescope, The characteristics of the system and the connection relationship between the components and subsystems are studied in detail. The detailed finite element model of the whole system is established by using the reasonable finite element modeling method, and the theoretical analysis of the connection between the bearing and the rubber layer in the telescope is carried out. On the basis of theoretical analysis, a reasonable finite element model is used to describe, and a reasonable simplification is obtained. After the finite element model of the whole system has been established, the main components of the telescope, the telescope subsystem and the whole system are analyzed statically. The deformation and stress of the important components of the telescope in the working state are discussed. The defocusing and migration of the primary and secondary mirror under the action of static wind load and different gravity direction of the telescope system are calculated. The installation of telescopes in various working states is based on. Then the dynamic analysis of the telescope system is carried out. The first ten natural frequencies and modal formations of the telescope are calculated. In this paper, the possible dynamic loads encountered by telescopes in work, mainly wind load and seismic wave load, are discussed in detail, the mathematical model of the load is established, and the random response method is used to analyze the dynamic load. The response of the telescope under various load frequencies is obtained. It has played a certain role in the control of the telescope. The concept of sensitivity analysis of telescope is introduced, the sensitivity analysis of telescope components to its parameters and the sensitivity analysis of telescope system to each component are made. The influence of the components on the relative displacement of the telescope primary and secondary mirror is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所）
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：TH751

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：2135245