本文選題：月表磁異常　切入點：月表電場　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（空間科學(xué)與應(yīng)用研究中心）》2011年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：月球探測是目前深空探測中的熱點之一。而月表磁場探測是其中基本而又關(guān)鍵的內(nèi)容。本文首先介紹了月表磁異常及月表電場,并論述了月表磁異常探測的意義和現(xiàn)狀,還介紹了利用反射的太陽風(fēng)電子探測月表磁異常的原理、方法等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文著重介紹了用電子反射法探測月表磁異常的數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果。 本文采用單粒子軌道法,通過對不同磁場條件下電子反射率和反射分布的模擬,尋找區(qū)分月表不同磁場的方法和精度。本文還討論月表電場,及其對電子反射法的影響和修正處理。通過數(shù)值模擬,本文研究分析了不同電磁場條件下的電子反射率變化和反射分布變化,結(jié)合理論公式探討變化原因,并證明可以通過電子反射法反推月表電場,以及通過公式消除電場對電子反射法的影響。 本文的主要結(jié)論是,太陽風(fēng)電子在月表的反射會隨月表電磁場條件的變化而變化,而且磁場與電場各自的變化引起的太陽風(fēng)電子運動軌跡變化都是可區(qū)分的:通過反射分布可以定性推斷月面是否存在磁異常,由電子反射率結(jié)合衛(wèi)星處磁場強度可以進(jìn)一步定量計算月表的磁場強度。磁場影響只受衛(wèi)星軌道處磁場強度與磁異常磁場強度的比值,電場的影響區(qū)域則是全方位的。 月表的充電情況與光照、月表性質(zhì)、等離子體環(huán)境等存在復(fù)雜關(guān)系,在向陽面月表通常帶正電,而陰影處月表通常會帶負(fù)電,并且在月表和衛(wèi)星之間會形成電勢差。這個電勢差,會對電子反射法測量月表磁異常的工作帶來深刻的影響。本文通過模擬分析發(fā)現(xiàn),對于同一能量的電子,月表帶正電時,電場強度越大,發(fā)生反射的臨界角變越大,被反射的越少;月表帶負(fù)電時,電場強度越大,發(fā)生反射的臨界角變越小,反射也越多;對于不同能量的電子,在相同電場條件下,能量越高,臨界角變化幅度越小。月表電場的存在,會給電子反射法測量磁異常帶來影響。隨著電場強度的增加,月表磁場測量的分辨率會下降。因此,適宜選擇在電場強度較低處開展電子反射法測量。通過對電場條件下的反射情況進(jìn)行處理,從而得到電場的強度和磁場的實際分布,在一定精度下區(qū)分出相鄰的不同月表磁場的差別;同時可以得到月面電場的分布。 本文的工作將為今后的月球磁異常探測提供載荷配置、探測數(shù)據(jù)分析應(yīng)用等方面的有用信息。
[Abstract]:Lunar exploration is one of the hotspots in deep space exploration at present, and the lunar surface magnetic field detection is the basic and key content. This paper first introduces the lunar surface magnetic anomaly and the lunar surface electric field, and discusses the significance and present situation of the lunar surface magnetic anomaly detection. The principle and method of detecting lunar surface magnetic anomaly by reflected solar wind electrons are also introduced. On this basis, the numerical simulation results of detecting lunar surface magnetic anomaly by electron reflection method are emphatically introduced in this paper. In this paper, the single particle orbital method is used to find the method and accuracy of distinguishing the different magnetic fields of the lunar surface by simulating the electron reflectivity and reflection distribution under different magnetic fields. The electric field of the lunar surface is also discussed in this paper. Through numerical simulation, the variation of electron reflectivity and reflection distribution under different electromagnetic field conditions are studied and analyzed, and the reasons for these changes are discussed in combination with theoretical formulas. It is proved that the electric field of lunar meter can be pushed back by the method of electron reflection and the influence of electric field on the method of electron reflection can be eliminated by formula. The main conclusion of this paper is that the reflection of solar wind electrons on the lunar surface changes with the change of the electromagnetic field conditions of the lunar surface. Moreover, the changes in the trajectory of the solar wind electrons caused by the changes of the magnetic field and the electric field can be distinguished: it is possible to qualitatively infer whether there are magnetic anomalies on the lunar surface through the reflection distribution. The magnetic field intensity of the monthly table can be further quantitatively calculated by combining the electron reflectivity with the magnetic field intensity at the satellite. The magnetic field is affected only by the ratio of the magnetic field intensity at the satellite orbit to the magnetic field intensity at the abnormal magnetic field, and the influence area of the electric field is omnidirectional. There are complex relationships between the charging condition of the monthly table and the illumination, the properties of the monthly surface, the plasma environment, etc. It is usually positively charged on the positive side of the monthly table, while in the shadow area, the monthly table is usually negatively charged. And there will be a potential difference between the moon surface and the satellite. This potential difference will have a profound effect on the work of measuring the monthly surface magnetic anomaly by the electron reflection method. In this paper, it is found by simulation analysis that for the same energy electron, the lunar surface band is positively charged. The greater the electric field intensity, the greater the critical angle of reflection and the less reflected; the greater the electric field intensity of the lunar band, the smaller the critical angle of reflection and the more reflection; for electrons with different energies, under the same electric field conditions, The higher the energy, the smaller the change of critical angle. The presence of the monthly surface electric field will affect the measurement of magnetic anomalies by the electron reflection method. With the increase of the electric field intensity, the resolution of the monthly surface magnetic field measurement will decrease. The electric field intensity and the actual distribution of magnetic field can be obtained by dealing with the reflection under the condition of electric field. At the same time, the distribution of the electric field of the lunar surface can be obtained by distinguishing the magnetic field of the adjacent moon surface with certain precision. The work in this paper will provide useful information for the future lunar magnetic anomaly exploration in terms of load configuration, data analysis and application.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（空間科學(xué)與應(yīng)用研究中心）
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：P184.5

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本文編號：1592105