本文關(guān)鍵詞： 大氣視寧度 ADIMM RAO RTS2 自主觀測 自動尋星 指向　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院（云南天文臺）》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：天文臺站觀測環(huán)境的長期監(jiān)測一直是很重要的研究內(nèi)容，為正常有效地進(jìn)行天文觀測提供了必不可少的技術(shù)支持，于是，如何建立完整高效的站址監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)便成為了研究人員的研究方向之一。天文觀測站址監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)主要包括了大氣視寧度監(jiān)測、氣象信息監(jiān)測、全天云量監(jiān)視等等[41]，這其中的大氣視寧度監(jiān)測是非常重要的一部分，對評估天文觀測臺站的觀測條件好壞起到了非常重要的作用。 大氣視寧度一般用大氣光學(xué)相干長度r0來表述，是現(xiàn)今使用最廣泛的體現(xiàn)大氣視寧度的參數(shù)。測量計(jì)算大氣光學(xué)相干長度r0的方法有很多種，其中最具代表性也應(yīng)用最廣泛的是差分像運(yùn)動法，該方法通過測量星像相對位置的變化來計(jì)算出r0值，能夠非常有效地排除掉非大氣因素對大氣視寧度測量的影響。差分像運(yùn)動大氣視寧度監(jiān)測儀（Differential Image Motion Monitor，DIMM）就是以此原理來設(shè)計(jì)研制的，DIMM將單一目標(biāo)源經(jīng)過兩個(gè)子瞳在CCD上成兩個(gè)星像，通過測量這兩個(gè)星像相對距離變化的方差來計(jì)算大氣視寧度參數(shù)r0，消除了儀器抖動等非大氣因素的影響，使得測量結(jié)果更加可靠。 目前世界上DIMM的使用已經(jīng)較為普遍，其作為天文臺站監(jiān)測和天文選址的工具發(fā)揮了重要的作用。由于天文臺站一般在較偏遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū)或者高原地區(qū)，環(huán)境氣候比較惡劣，于是由人員值守DIMM進(jìn)行觀測就變得非常艱苦，特別是在南極站點(diǎn)，值守觀測更加是不現(xiàn)實(shí)的。這樣一來，將DIMM實(shí)現(xiàn)自動化（ADIMM），讓其自主進(jìn)行觀測就成為了非常必要的目標(biāo)。要實(shí)現(xiàn)DIMM自動化，需要借助近年來發(fā)展迅速的程控自主天文臺技術(shù)，并以此技術(shù)為支撐平臺來進(jìn)行設(shè)備開發(fā)。 程控自主天文臺（RoboticAutonomous Observatory，RAO）是一套能夠執(zhí)行各種觀測任務(wù)，并且能夠在任務(wù)執(zhí)行過程中沒有任何人為協(xié)助的情況下自主適應(yīng)各種環(huán)境變化的望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)，其具有自動、無人的特點(diǎn)。程控自主天文臺的技術(shù)為差分像運(yùn)動大氣視寧度監(jiān)測儀的自動化奠定了基礎(chǔ)，，全自動化也是DIMM發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要趨勢。 為了高效地對DIMM設(shè)備進(jìn)行操作控制，采用了一套基于Linux平臺的集成化開源程控自主天文臺控制系統(tǒng)，遠(yuǎn)程望遠(yuǎn)鏡控制系統(tǒng)第二版（RemoteTelescope System2nd，RTS2）進(jìn)行自動DIMM的研究，具有較強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)新性。RTS2系統(tǒng)就是以全自動為開發(fā)目標(biāo)，具有環(huán)境自主監(jiān)測、觀測目標(biāo)自主選擇、自主觀測、自主適應(yīng)環(huán)境變化等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。RTS2系統(tǒng)在設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)上具有非常強(qiáng)的模塊性，能夠很方便地啟用與關(guān)閉其中的某個(gè)模塊，設(shè)備切換快捷，系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)非�？焖�。采用RTS2系統(tǒng)來實(shí)現(xiàn)ADIMM，能夠充分利用這套先進(jìn)望遠(yuǎn)鏡系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，高效地對硬件設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制，也能夠以此掌握RTS2系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)自主開發(fā)自動遠(yuǎn)鏡控制軟件技術(shù)上的突破。 基于RTS2的ADIMM系統(tǒng)，根據(jù)其程控自主的特點(diǎn)，在硬件配置上需要具備以下三個(gè)部分：環(huán)境監(jiān)測部分，包含了氣象站、云量傳感器以及圓頂；觀測設(shè)備部分，包含了主望遠(yuǎn)鏡、尋星鏡、相應(yīng)CCD以及子瞳罩；控制部分，包含了控制計(jì)算機(jī)、RTS2與所有硬件設(shè)備的連接配置。在軟件控制上需要具備以下五個(gè)部分：自動尋星、指向、自動導(dǎo)星、圖像處理與視寧度計(jì)算。 在以上所示的軟硬件包含內(nèi)容中，環(huán)境監(jiān)測部分中的氣象站給RTS2系統(tǒng)提供實(shí)時(shí)的氣象信息，云量傳感器給RTS2系統(tǒng)提供實(shí)時(shí)的云量信息，以這些信息來判斷是否打開圓頂開始觀測或者關(guān)閉圓頂結(jié)束觀測。觀測設(shè)備部分中的尋星鏡及相應(yīng)CCD負(fù)責(zé)輔助望遠(yuǎn)鏡進(jìn)行精確指向，通過尋星鏡CCD先將目標(biāo)星導(dǎo)至尋星鏡視場中央，再通過主望遠(yuǎn)鏡CCD將目標(biāo)星導(dǎo)至主視場中央，然后主望遠(yuǎn)鏡CCD開始曝光獲取DIMM圖像。在控制計(jì)算機(jī)的ubuntu操作系統(tǒng)中安裝有RTS2系統(tǒng)，并在RTS2系統(tǒng)中完成了對所有硬件設(shè)備的通信連接配置，以便能夠使用RTS2對硬件設(shè)備進(jìn)行控制。軟件開發(fā)部分中的自動尋星功能能夠綜合一系列因素給所有可觀測目標(biāo)星計(jì)算權(quán)值，然后選取權(quán)值最高的目標(biāo)星并完成指向，最后開始曝光獲取DIMM圖像，并執(zhí)行自動導(dǎo)星，以及圖像處理與視寧度計(jì)算來獲取大氣視寧度數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Long term monitoring station environment Observatory has is very important to study the contents, provide the necessary technical support for normal astronomical observations so effectively, how to establish a complete and efficient site monitoring system has become one of the research directions of the researchers. The monitoring system mainly includes the day observation site seeing monitoring. Weather information monitoring, cloud monitoring and so on [41] all day long, the atmospheric seeing monitoring is a very important part of the quality assessment of astronomical observation condition observation station plays a very important role.
Seeing the atmospheric optical coherence length R0 is generally used to describe, is the most widely used as a parameter reflecting the atmosphere. Ning of measurement method of atmospheric optical coherence length calculation of R0 has many kinds, among which the most representative is the most widely used is the differential image motion method, change the method by measuring the stars like the relative position to calculate the R0 value, can effectively eliminate non atmospheric factors of Ning measurement of the atmosphere. The differential image motion monitor (Differential Image Motion Monitor, DIMM) to design is based on this principle, DIMM single target source after two into sub pupil like two stars in the CCD, by measuring the relative variance of two star like distance change to calculate the seeing parameter R0 atmosphere, eliminates the influence of instrument jitter of non atmospheric factors, makes the measurement results more reliable.
The use of DIMM in the world has been more common, as the observatory station monitoring and astronomical site tools play an important role. Because the observatory station in more remote areas or plateau, climate is relatively poor, so the staff on duty DIMM for observation becomes very difficult, especially in the Antarctic site, unattended observation more is not realistic. As a result, the DIMM automation (ADIMM), the independent observations have become very necessary. In order to realize DIMM automation, with rapid development in recent years programmable autonomous Observatory technology, and this technology as the support platform for equipment development.
SPC (RoboticAutonomous Observatory, RAO autonomous Observatory) is a set to be able to perform a variety of tasks and observation, in the task execution system self adapt to environmental change telescope without human assistance in the process of case, it has automatic, unmanned technology. Robotic autonomous Observatory has laid the foundation for poor automation such as sports atmosphere seeing monitor, full automation is an important trend in the development of DIMM.
In order to control the operation of the DIMM equipment efficiently, using a set of control system of Linux platform based on open source integrated programmable autonomous Observatory, remote control telescope system version second (RemoteTelescope System2nd, RTS2) of automatic DIMM, innovative.RTS2 system is strong to automatic target for development, with independent environment the observation of the target monitoring, self selection, self observation, self adapt to environmental change and other advantages of the.RTS2 system module has very strong in design and implementation, can easily enable a module of the switching equipment and closing fast, very fast response system. Using RTS2 system to realize the ADIMM, can take advantage of this set of advanced telescope system, to control the hardware efficiently, also able to master the key technology of RTS2 system, realize the independent development of automatic telescope A technological breakthrough in controlling software.
The ADIMM system based on RTS2, according to the characteristics of the program independent, in the hardware configuration has the following three parts: the part of environmental monitoring, including meteorological station, cloud sensor and dome observation equipment; part contains the main telescope finder, and the corresponding CCD sub pupil mask; control part, including control of computer, RTS2 connection configuration with all hardware devices. In software control has the following five parts: automatic control, automatic guide, pointing, image processing and seeing the calculation.
The hardware and software are shown in the above contents, the environmental monitoring part of the weather station to the RTS2 system to provide real-time weather information, cloud sensor to the RTS2 system to provide real-time information to the cloud, the information to determine whether to open or close the dome dome began observing the end of observation. Finder observation equipment and corresponding part CCD is responsible for the auxiliary telescope pointing to the finder, CCD first target star finder to guide the center of the field, then the main telescope CCD will target star guide to the main field of the central, then the main telescope CCD exposure DIMM image acquisition. RTS2 system is installed in the Ubuntu operating system control computer, and complete the connection all the hardware configuration to communication equipment in the RTS2 system, in order to be able to use RTS2 to control the hardware. Software development is part of the automatic control function can be integrated A series of factors calculate weights for all observable target stars, then select the target star with the highest weight and finish pointing, and finally get exposure to get DIMM images, and execute automatic guiding stars, and image processing and visibility calculation to get atmospheric visibility data.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院（云南天文臺）
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P112

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本文編號：1527993