本文關(guān)鍵詞：《表度說》研究　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 《表度說》 圭表 地心說 西方測(cè)算方法 其它天文學(xué)譯著

【摘要】：《表度說》是明末中西文化會(huì)通之際傳入中國(guó)的一部重要的天文歷算著作,主要介紹了西方圭表測(cè)量所依據(jù)的理論原理和用圭表進(jìn)行具體實(shí)測(cè)的操作步驟,體現(xiàn)了西方天文學(xué)公理化的論證思路。特別是書中關(guān)于“橫表”立表準(zhǔn)則和測(cè)量規(guī)律,以及柱晷的制作和使用方法是明末首次引進(jìn)。本文主要運(yùn)用了文獻(xiàn)考據(jù)法、比較分析法和綜合分析法,分為以下五個(gè)部分。第一章簡(jiǎn)要說明了《表度說》的成書背景,簡(jiǎn)介其作者,并對(duì)該書的體例和研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了概括與評(píng)述,便于對(duì)《表度說》有一個(gè)整體的了解。第二章介紹了中國(guó)圭表測(cè)量的傳統(tǒng),主要為與《表度說》的實(shí)測(cè)內(nèi)容相對(duì)應(yīng),分別從利用圭表“測(cè)量太陽的地平高度”、“確定方向”、對(duì)“二十四節(jié)氣晷長(zhǎng)”進(jìn)行測(cè)算以及“測(cè)量物體高度”幾個(gè)方面展開,概述了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)天文學(xué)中圭表測(cè)量的特點(diǎn)。第三章分析了《表度說》中圭表測(cè)量的理論依據(jù),基于文本,從“太陽繞地球勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)”、“地球在宇宙的中心”、“地球和太陽相比,大小相當(dāng)于一個(gè)點(diǎn)”、“地球?yàn)榍蝮w”、“可立表于地面,表端之處均為地心”五個(gè)論題展開論述,并結(jié)合托勒密《至大論》卷Ⅰ的內(nèi)容,認(rèn)為其理論基礎(chǔ)是古希臘的地心說。第四章結(jié)合西方天文學(xué)的測(cè)算方法,分析了《表度說》中利用圭表實(shí)測(cè)的操作原理與步驟,并結(jié)合與其前篇提出的理論部分,從而提出書中所體現(xiàn)出來的西方公理化體系方法。第五章探討了《表度說》在明末被傳入中國(guó)的緣由,將其與同時(shí)期傳入的《簡(jiǎn)平儀說》、《天問略》、《日晷圖法》和《測(cè)量法義》進(jìn)行比較,澄清了傳教士在地理緯度測(cè)量方面的一些具體問題。本文認(rèn)為《表度說》在宣傳西方天文學(xué)知識(shí)的過程中,并不是孤立傳入的,而是和其他譯著具有相關(guān)性,以知識(shí)鏈的形式傳入中國(guó)。第六章作為本文的結(jié)論部分,進(jìn)一步分析了《表度說》在我國(guó)明末改歷中所處的地位和對(duì)清代日晷制作的影響。
[Abstract]:The theory of table degree is an important astronomical almanac work introduced to China at the end of Ming Dynasty when the Chinese and Western cultures are connected. This paper mainly introduces the theoretical principle of the Western Gui meter survey and the practical operation steps of using the Gui meter to carry out the actual measurement. It embodies the idea of axiomatic argumentation of western astronomy, especially the rule and rule of measurement of "horizontal table" in the book. The method of making and using the post dial is the first introduced in the late Ming Dynasty. This paper mainly uses the literature textual research method, the comparative analysis method and the comprehensive analysis method. It is divided into the following five parts. The first chapter briefly explains the background of the book, briefly introduces the author, and summarizes and comments on the style and research status of the book. It is convenient to have a whole understanding of the theory of degree of expression. Chapter two introduces the tradition of Chinese Gui meter measurement, which is mainly corresponding to the measured content of the theory of degree of expression, respectively, from the use of the instrument to "measure the altitude of the sun". "determine the direction", "24 solar dials" to calculate and "measure the height of objects" in several aspects. This paper summarizes the characteristics of Gui meter measurement in traditional Chinese astronomy. The third chapter analyzes the theoretical basis of the measurement of the meter. Based on the text, from "the sun moves uniformly around the earth" and "the earth is in the center of the universe". Compared with the sun, the size of the earth is equivalent to a point, "the earth is a sphere", "can be set on the ground, the end of the table are geocentric" five topics are discussed, and combined with Ptolemy, the content of volume I. It is considered that its theoretical basis is the geocentric theory of ancient Greece. Chapter 4th, combined with the calculation method of western astronomy, analyzes the operation principle and procedure of using the Gui meter in the theory of degree of representation. Combined with the theoretical part of the previous part, this paper puts forward the method of western axiomatic system embodied in the book. Chapter 5th discusses the reason why the theory of degree of representation was introduced into China in the end of Ming Dynasty. It was compared with the theory of the plane introduced in the same period, the method of sundials and the meaning of the method of measurement. This paper clarifies some specific problems of the missionaries in the measurement of geographical latitude. This paper holds that the theory of representation is not isolated in the process of propagating the knowledge of astronomy in the West, but is related to other translated works. Chapter 6th is the conclusion part of this paper, which further analyzes the position of "the theory of degree of appearance" in the Chinese calendar of reform in the late Ming Dynasty and its influence on the making of sundials in the Qing Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：P19-5

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本文編號(hào)：1430085