基于改進(jìn)Tennant法和敏感生態(tài)需求的河流生態(tài)需水關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
[Abstract]:The health of the river is dependent on the hydrological situation, but the human activity has caused severe disturbance to the natural hydrological situation of the river, resulting in the degradation of the river ecosystem, thus generating the problems of ecological water requirements (EWRs), and has become an obstacle to the sustainable development of the social economy. The protection of EWRs is a prerequisite for maintaining the health of the river, and the EWRs estimation method has been the leading edge in the field of river ecological restoration. In view of the general aquatic habitat and biodiversity maintenance demand and the "Shui Hua" prevention and control of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River and the requirements of fish spawning, the ecological flow (EF) evaluation method and the scientific research of the regional river EF configuration scheme are respectively carried out. Research. Key work and innovative results such as Abstract: (1) The research background and significance of the paper are introduced from three aspects: the transformation process of the water resource utilization mode, the ecological hydrological effect of the building and the construction of the dam, and the study demand of the ecological dispatch: the research of the river EWRs from two aspects: the theory and the model In this paper, four key problems, such as the weak temporal variability, the poor space portability, the great influence of extreme flow and the subjectivity of the classification standard, are summarized in this paper. (2) The concept of the river EWRs is identified from the five perspectives of water volume and flow, function, critical value, water requirement and water, and the river health can be used for the sustainable utilization of the river health. The study is carried out, and the evaluation criteria of the river EF should have a month-to-month and interannual yield-up synchronization difference, space portability and (3) In order to build a multi-level EF evaluation standard with universality, four key problems are solved, and the thesis focuses on Tennan. The improved method of the t method is based on the combination improvement of the average flow of the period, the calculation period and the percentage, and the improvement strategy of the Tenant method is thoroughly studied, from the minimum flow rate, the average flow rate and the minimum continuous n day. Based on the analysis of the ecological and hydrological characteristics of various flow indexes such as the average flow, the base flow, the frequency curve and the specific assurance rate of the diachronic curve, the monthly mean series based on the flow rate is proposed to replace the annual series of annual and low flow angles to study the minimum EF, The median value is used instead of the average value, the monthly allocation calculation is used instead of the whole-year single-value calculation, and the ecological grading replaces the subjective grading. MTMMHC method. Taking five large rivers with different hydrological conditions, two medium-sized rivers and three small rivers as an example, the MTMM is verified. The results show that all levels of EF, which are calculated by the MTMMHC method, can be applied to different types of rivers, so as to avoid the influence of the annual extreme flow peak and the distribution of distribution in the year, and the division of EF. The number of stages is more appropriate, and the standard classification of the traditional hydrology method is avoided. On the basis of the analysis of the cause and the influence factors of Hanjiang's water bloom, the two main demands of the "downstream water-water" threshold flow rate and the EWRs of the downstream water level are considered, and the water transfer of the middle-line project under different conditions of the dry water level of the Yangtze River is put forward, and the compensation of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River is made. The "Shui Hua" prevention and control EF configuration scheme for the conditions of water, Danjiangkou reservoir, water discharge of the Danjiangkou Reservoir, and the aquatic habitat conditions of the two-section and section tributaries of the Hanjiang River can be a joint generation of a plurality of water conservancy projects The paper analyses the spatial and temporal evolution of the fish resources in the Xianyang section of the Hanjiang River. The condition, evolution reason and oviposition condition, on the basis of the water and flow conditions and the flow-rate suitability curve required for each egg-laying site of the "four-legged fish", and the amount of laying eggs in the process of water discharge of the Danjiangkou reservoir and the process of the flood of the section of the section The ecological flood scheme is put forward, and the natural runoff and the runoff pair after the adjustment of the Danjiangkou reservoir are evaluated. The results show that the natural runoff can provide better ecological pulse process in the most dry year, and the adjusted runoff can not be met in the year of plain water and dry water, and the water and sediment combined ecological scheduling strategy of Danjiangkou reservoir should be studied in the future. The water transparency of the Yangtze River, the rising value of the flood flow, the maximum value, the daily increase rate and the duration of the flood The results of this paper are summarized in (6).
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:X52;TV213.4
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