【摘要】：我國西部寒冷干旱地區(qū),氣候條件獨(dú)特,隨著外界氣溫的變化,水流中的冰情可以根據(jù)冰的形成與消融過程分為:結(jié)冰期、封凍期和解凍期3個(gè)階段。輸水工程在冬季輸水時(shí),冰在各個(gè)階段對(duì)輸水建筑物會(huì)造成不同程度的迫害。我國為了緩解西部的缺水的問題,先后建設(shè)了引大入秦工程、引洮工程等。然而如此龐大的投資建設(shè),在運(yùn)營期因遭受寒旱氣候的影響,形成了諸如引水隧洞凍融破壞、引水隧洞地質(zhì)缺陷滲漏、引水渠道干裂滲漏、設(shè)備故障等一系列問題,對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)安全性與供水效率產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響,導(dǎo)致工程的使用年限不長,達(dá)不到工程規(guī)劃建設(shè)的預(yù)期目標(biāo),產(chǎn)生社會(huì)矛盾。因此基于寒旱地區(qū)冬季輸水對(duì)引水隧洞的破壞機(jī)理研究具有重要的意義。本文針對(duì)寒旱地區(qū)冰害對(duì)引水隧洞的破壞為研究對(duì)象,在國內(nèi)外研究基礎(chǔ)上,通過理論研究、室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)研究及數(shù)值模擬方法開展研究。重點(diǎn)研究了冰排與引水隧洞相互作用下的碰撞模擬問題,利用接觸-碰撞算法的有限元中對(duì)稱罰函數(shù)算法,進(jìn)行了冰排撞擊引水隧洞的接觸-碰撞算法的理論研究。以引大入秦輸水樞紐的引水隧洞(盤道嶺隧洞)為實(shí)例,分析了隧洞的破壞機(jī)理。應(yīng)用ANSYS軟件建立隧洞模型和冰排模型,二者皆采用3D Solid164實(shí)體單元模擬,材料定義為線彈性材料,單元?jiǎng)澐植捎糜成渚W(wǎng)格劃分;采用單面自動(dòng)接觸;定義了邊界條件;然后選用LS-DYNA SOLVER求解器進(jìn)行求解;采用LS-PREPOST軟件進(jìn)行后處理,發(fā)現(xiàn)了不同冰排流速、不同冰排平面尺寸、不同冰排厚度等不同工況下冰排對(duì)引水隧洞撞擊力及其產(chǎn)生的變形的影響。具體工作如下:(1)分析了冰排流速對(duì)隧洞襯砌撞擊力及襯砌變形的影響規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)其變化基本呈線性關(guān)系,并分別確定了簡單碰撞狀態(tài)下的計(jì)算公式;(2)分析了冰排平面尺寸對(duì)隧洞襯砌撞擊力及襯砌變形的影響規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)其變化關(guān)系均為非線性關(guān)系;(3)分析了冰排厚度對(duì)隧洞襯砌撞擊力及襯砌變形的影響規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)其變化基本呈線性關(guān)系,并分別確定了簡單碰撞狀態(tài)下的計(jì)算公式。接著通過室內(nèi)試驗(yàn),建立冰排撞擊隧洞襯砌試驗(yàn)單邊坡實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究;模擬了隧洞中流冰碰撞隧洞襯砌的全演變過程,分析了冰排流速、冰排平面尺寸、冰排厚度等不同工況下冰排對(duì)隧洞的撞擊力規(guī)律,通過試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ万?yàn)證了與數(shù)值模擬的基本吻合性。說明了數(shù)值模擬是方便可行的。本文的研究將對(duì)寒旱地區(qū)引水隧洞設(shè)計(jì)、施工及運(yùn)營維護(hù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐,豐富冰水力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)研究內(nèi)涵。
[Abstract]:In the cold and arid regions of western China, the climatic conditions are unique. With the change of outside air temperature, the ice condition in the water flow can be divided into three stages according to the ice formation and melting process: ice forming period, freezing period and thawing period. When water conveyance works in winter, ice will persecute the water conveyance structures in different stages. In order to alleviate the problem of water shortage in the west, China has constructed the diversion project into Qin Dynasty, Tao Project and so on. However, such a huge investment and construction, due to the impact of cold and drought climate during the operation period, has resulted in a series of problems such as freezing and thawing damage of the diversion tunnel, leakage of geological defects in the diversion tunnel, dry crack leakage of the diversion channel, equipment failure, and so on. It has a serious influence on the safety of structure and the efficiency of water supply, which leads to the short service life of the project, which can not reach the expected goal of the project planning and construction, and lead to social contradiction. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the failure mechanism of diversion tunnel based on winter water conveyance in cold and dry areas. In this paper, the damage of diversion tunnel caused by ice damage in cold and dry areas is studied. On the basis of domestic and foreign research, the research is carried out through theoretical research, laboratory test and numerical simulation method. The problem of collision simulation under the interaction of ice discharge and diversion tunnel is studied emphatically. The contact collision algorithm of ice row impingement diversion tunnel is studied theoretically by using the symmetric penalty function algorithm in the finite element method of contact-collision algorithm. Taking the diversion tunnel (Pandaoling tunnel) as an example, the failure mechanism of the tunnel is analyzed. The tunnel model and ice row model are established by using ANSYS software. Both of them are simulated by 3D Solid164 solid element, the material is defined as linear elastic material, the element is divided by mapping mesh, the single surface is automatically contacted, and the boundary conditions are defined. Then the LS-DYNA SOLVER solver is used to solve the problem. The effects of ice discharge on the impact force and deformation of diversion tunnel under different working conditions, such as different ice discharge velocity, different ice row plane size and different ice row thickness, were found by LS-PREPOST software. The main works are as follows: (1) the influence of ice discharge velocity on the impact force and lining deformation of tunnel lining is analyzed. (2) the influence of ice row plane size on the impact force and lining deformation of tunnel lining is analyzed. (3) the influence of ice row thickness on the impact force and lining deformation of tunnel lining is analyzed. It is found that the change of ice row thickness is linear, and the calculation formulas under simple impact state are determined respectively. Then through the indoor test, the single slope experimental device of ice row impingement tunnel lining test is established, and the experimental research is carried out. The evolution process of drift ice collision tunnel lining in tunnel is simulated, and the impact force of ice row on tunnel under different working conditions, such as ice discharge velocity, ice row plane size, ice row thickness and so on, is analyzed. The basic agreement with the numerical simulation is verified by the experimental model. The numerical simulation is convenient and feasible. The research in this paper will provide scientific basis and technical support for the design, construction and operation and maintenance of diversion tunnels in cold and dry areas, and enrich the connotation of basic scientific research on ice hydraulics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV672;TV698.26

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本文編號(hào)：2370315