本文關(guān)鍵詞：水利工程對(duì)向海濕地水文與生態(tài)的影響，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

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hydrological impacts

     Current generation of physically based,distributed parameter models could accommodate the assessment of hydrological impacts of forest vegetation changes to certain degree in comparison with traditional approaches.

     開(kāi)發(fā)基于物理過(guò)程分布式參數(shù)水文模型可以為認(rèn)識(shí)森林植被變化的生態(tài)學(xué)后效和客觀評(píng)價(jià)森林植被水文生態(tài)效益提供可行的工具。

短句來(lái)源

     IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE HYDROLOGICAL REGIME OF ORDOS REGION

     全球變暖對(duì)鄂爾多斯地區(qū)水文情勢(shì)影響的初步分析

短句來(lái)源

     IMPACTS OF RESERVOIR PROJECT ON HYDROLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF XIANGHAI WETLANDS

     水利工程對(duì)向海濕地水文與生態(tài)的影響

短句來(lái)源

     The Impacts of Monoculture

     農(nóng)作物品種單一化的影響

短句來(lái)源

     DROUGHT AND ITS IMPACTS

     干旱及其影響

短句來(lái)源

     Informatization of Hydrological Service

     水文行業(yè)信息化研究

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  hydrological impacts

Of particular interest are those basins where loss of the most threatened tropical forest areas would give rise to significant biodiversity loss and to potentially large hydrological impacts.

Here we examine the potential biodiversity and hydrological impacts of an extreme deforestation scenario - the loss of all tropical forest areas currently identified by the World Wildlife Fund as being threatened.

Following the discussion of the advantages and deficiencies of various methods, the challenges for future studies of the hydrological impacts of climate change are identified.

Studies to evaluate and compare the hydrological components of a suite of RCMs and their use in assessing hydrological impacts from future climate change were carried out over Europe.

Hydrological Impacts of Climate Change on Inflows to Perth, Australia

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Having considered the snow-cover process,we developed a new version of the land-surface process model from the existing soil-vegetation-atmosphere model The new model describes additionally two major effects of snow-cover:the large reflectivity of solar radiation due to the high albedo of snow-surface and the lagged soil hydrological impact due to snow-melting A few experiments were designed against the meteorological and the surface radiation data observed during the HEIFE project,which was carried...

Having considered the snow-cover process,we developed a new version of the land-surface process model from the existing soil-vegetation-atmosphere model The new model describes additionally two major effects of snow-cover:the large reflectivity of solar radiation due to the high albedo of snow-surface and the lagged soil hydrological impact due to snow-melting A few experiments were designed against the meteorological and the surface radiation data observed during the HEIFE project,which was carried out at the Heihe region,in Northwestern China The modeled processes forced by atmospheric precipitation (both rainfall and snowfall) seem quite reasonable Some modeling elements such as the surface soil temperature and the surface net radiation coincide well with the observations

為了用氣候模式研究冰雪圈變化的氣候效應(yīng)，我們?cè)谝呀?jīng)發(fā)展的土壤－植被－大氣模式基礎(chǔ)上，，考慮積雪改變地表水文和反照率的參數(shù)化，建立了包含雪蓋問(wèn)題的陸面過(guò)程模式。利用中國(guó)西北黑河地區(qū)的ＨＥＩＦＥ實(shí)測(cè)氣象和輻射資料，檢驗(yàn)了模式對(duì)大氣降雨和降雪的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明，該模式描寫的各種物理過(guò)程合理，一些可觀測(cè)要素（如地面溫度和地表凈輻射通量）的演變特征與實(shí)況相當(dāng)一致

Runoff generation mechanism is one of the key research focuses in the hydrological study on which more and more attention is concentrated.The complexity of hydrological processes such as scale dependence and nonlinear behavior resulted from the widespread spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of hydrological environment and fluxes makes it very difficult,given that without detailed understanding of the physical processes,to extrapolate the information from one area to another or from one scale to another.Current...

Runoff generation mechanism is one of the key research focuses in the hydrological study on which more and more attention is concentrated.The complexity of hydrological processes such as scale dependence and nonlinear behavior resulted from the widespread spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability of hydrological environment and fluxes makes it very difficult,given that without detailed understanding of the physical processes,to extrapolate the information from one area to another or from one scale to another.Current generation of physically based,distributed parameter models could accommodate the assessment of hydrological impacts of forest vegetation changes to certain degree in comparison with traditional approaches.However,the confidence of such models and the scale issues highlights current and future research needs in the forest vegetation influences on the runoff generation and delivery mechanisms.Three major research methods being adopted are hydrometry,tracer/isotope tracing,and dynamic calculation at the spatial scale from hillslopes to watershed.The current understanding of forest vegetation influences on the runoff generation could be summarized as (a)runoff is controlled by variable source area mechanisms for forested watershed,(b)major runoff components for forested watershed are saturated surface runoff,subsurface runoff,and groundwater runoff,(c)co existing and shifting of different runoff generation mechanisms,and (d)preferential flow is a key factor in controlling runoff generation for forested watershed.

徑流形成機(jī)制研究在水文學(xué)領(lǐng)域中具有十分重要的意義 ,且受到越來(lái)越廣泛的重視。水文環(huán)境以及水文通量的空間異質(zhì)性和時(shí)間變化性導(dǎo)致了水文過(guò)程的尺度依賴性和非線性特征 ,沒(méi)有對(duì)水文過(guò)程較為清晰的認(rèn)識(shí) ,就不能將某一地區(qū)某一流域森林植被變化水文生態(tài)效應(yīng)的研究結(jié)果簡(jiǎn)單地外推到其他地區(qū)和其他流域。開(kāi)發(fā)基于物理過(guò)程分布式參數(shù)水文模型可以為認(rèn)識(shí)森林植被變化的生態(tài)學(xué)后效和客觀評(píng)價(jià)森林植被水文生態(tài)效益提供可行的工具。但是要實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo) ,研究森林植被影響徑流形成機(jī)制是問(wèn)題的核心所在。另一方面 ,認(rèn)識(shí)森林影響徑流形成機(jī)制有助于研究水文學(xué)中的尺度問(wèn)題。研究森林植被影響徑流形成機(jī)制的主要方法包括水文測(cè)驗(yàn)、同位素示蹤和動(dòng)力水文學(xué)計(jì)算等 ,研究的空間尺度則為坡面與流域相接合。從已有的研究成果來(lái)看 ,森林植被影響徑流形成機(jī)制可以概括為 :①森林流域徑流形成為變動(dòng)源區(qū)產(chǎn)流機(jī)制 ;②森林流域徑流形成主要受飽和地表徑流、亞表層徑流和地下徑流的控制 ;③森林流域徑流形成機(jī)制是相互作用和相互轉(zhuǎn)化的 ;④優(yōu)先流在森林流域徑流形成中起到了至關(guān)重要的作用。

The impacts of land use and land cover change on hydrology is a focus task at present. In this paper, based on the analysis of runoff change in the Yunzhou reservoir basin, hydrological characteristic parameters which are tokens of hydrological impacts of human activities are selected and analyzed. The annual mean runoff from 1972 to 1991 is 1.33 m~3/s and annual mean precipitation is 440.3mm.This change trend of these two factors during this study periods indicates that annual mean runoff falls obviously...

The impacts of land use and land cover change on hydrology is a focus task at present. In this paper, based on the analysis of runoff change in the Yunzhou reservoir basin, hydrological characteristic parameters which are tokens of hydrological impacts of human activities are selected and analyzed. The annual mean runoff from 1972 to 1991 is 1.33 m~3/s and annual mean precipitation is 440.3mm.This change trend of these two factors during this study periods indicates that annual mean runoff falls obviously but its degree of change becomes more and more weaken while the change of annual mean precipitation is not too obvious. In order to have a further analysis, prophase (from 1972 to 1981) and anaphase (from 1982 to 1991) are parted by 1981. Statistical indexes including standard deviation and coefficient of elasticity about the annual mean runoff and precipitation in two periods are calculated. Standard deviation of runoff in two periods is 0.63 and 0.24 while precipitation is 69.9 and 68.0. Elasticity of these two factors is 0.009 and 0.004 in prophase and anaphase. This trend shows the degree of runoff change responding to precipitation change goes weaken. Finally hydrological characteristic parameters such as annual mean runoff coefficient, mean peak flow, distribution uneven coefficient of runoff and variation coefficient of annual runoff which can assess hydrological effects of human activities are analyzed. Annual mean runoff coefficient is 9.3% in prophase while 6.8% in anaphase and annual mean peak flow is 20.3m~3/s and 18.7m~3/s. Distribution uneven coefficient of runoff is 0.9 and 0.8 while variation coefficient of annual runoff is 0.4 and 0.2.These parameters all show a downward trend. So the reason of runoff change is human activities such as more land use change and hydraulic engineers building. In conclusion, it's a simple and good way to indicate hydrological effects of human activities using hydrological characteristic parameters.

該文以地處半干旱地區(qū)的河北省張家口云州水庫(kù)流域?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,基于多年徑流變化規(guī)律,探討和歸納了評(píng)估流域人類活動(dòng)水文效應(yīng)的若干參數(shù),并就這些參數(shù)值進(jìn)行了分析。結(jié)果表明:研究時(shí)段內(nèi),研究流域年均流量呈明顯的下降趨勢(shì)且波動(dòng)幅度明顯減小,年均降水的上升或下降趨勢(shì)并不太明顯,徑流變化對(duì)降水變化的響應(yīng)程度趨于遲緩,而年徑流系數(shù)、平均洪峰流量、徑流年內(nèi)分配不均勻系數(shù)、徑流變差系數(shù)等水文特征參數(shù)均表現(xiàn)出下降趨勢(shì),初步得出了云州水庫(kù)流域徑流量的變化主要是土地利用和小水利工程建設(shè)等人類活動(dòng)作用結(jié)果的結(jié)論。

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：水利工程對(duì)向海濕地水文與生態(tài)的影響，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。