【摘要】：地面驅(qū)動螺桿泵采油舉升技術以其結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、流量和壓力穩(wěn)定、適應性強等優(yōu)點,在稠油井和含砂、含氣比例高的油井開采中得到了日益廣泛的應用。以地面驅(qū)動螺桿泵采油舉升過程中的轉(zhuǎn)速控制為切入點,詳細研究了沉沒度對轉(zhuǎn)速控制的影響,闡述了地面驅(qū)動螺桿泵的軟啟動和軟停車的控制理論和方法,確定了以直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制方式為異步電機變頻控制系統(tǒng)的策略,并對傳統(tǒng)的PI轉(zhuǎn)速控制器進行了模糊改進,對仿真結(jié)果進行了優(yōu)劣對比。論文首先闡述了沉沒度對油井泵效、系統(tǒng)效率、檢泵率的影響,在利用加權平均函數(shù)分析最佳沉沒度的基礎上,根據(jù)油井的流入與流出供排平衡關系,實時跟蹤匹配油井的供液能力,建立起地面驅(qū)動螺桿泵的轉(zhuǎn)速控制模型,根據(jù)不同的動液面選擇合理的轉(zhuǎn)速,提高地面驅(qū)動螺桿泵的采油效率。接著詳細介紹了地面驅(qū)動螺桿泵軟啟動和軟停車的控制理論和方法,分析了軟啟動的上升時間,以及軟啟動過程中所需的啟動轉(zhuǎn)矩以及啟動電流,選擇S形的升速方式。根據(jù)異步電機停車過程中的機械特性選擇合適的降速時間和S形的降速方式。分析了螺桿泵井停機時的反扭矩的組成,確定出了軟停車過程中所需的制動扭矩,并建立了變頻調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的輸出頻率變化與制動轉(zhuǎn)矩的關系。最后,闡述了異步電機的直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制技術的基本原理和系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)組成。在Matlab/simulink環(huán)境下建立了直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)的仿真模型,針對傳統(tǒng)PI速度控制器對突加負載或速度變化時,轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)矩響應慢、抗干擾能力差的問題,引入模糊PI速度控制器,選擇合理的參數(shù)整定。仿真實驗結(jié)果表明:改進后基于模糊速度控制器的直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)比傳統(tǒng)基于PI速度控制器的直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制系統(tǒng)的超調(diào)量更小,響應速度更快,調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的動態(tài)響應得到明顯的提高。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說明：沉沒度對檢泵率影響
[Abstract]:Surface driven screw pump lifting technology has been widely used in heavy oil wells, sand bearing wells and oil wells with high gas content because of its simple structure, stable flow rate and pressure, strong adaptability and so on. Based on the speed control of ground driven screw pump in the process of oil production lifting, the influence of subsidence degree on speed control is studied in detail, the control theory and method of soft start and soft shutdown of ground driven screw pump are expounded, the strategy of using direct torque control as induction motor frequency conversion control system is determined, the traditional PI speed controller is fuzzy improved, and the simulation results are compared. Firstly, this paper expounds the influence of subsidence degree on oil well pump efficiency, system efficiency and pump detection rate. on the basis of analyzing the optimal submergence degree by using weighted average function, according to the balance relationship between inflow and outflow of oil well, tracking and matching the liquid supply capacity of oil well in real time, the speed control model of surface driven screw pump is established, and the reasonable rotational speed is selected according to different dynamic liquid levels to improve the oil production efficiency of surface driven screw pump. Then the control theory and method of soft start and soft shutdown of ground driven screw pump are introduced in detail, and the rising time of soft start, the starting torque and starting current needed in the process of soft start are analyzed, and the S shape speed raising mode is selected. According to the mechanical characteristics of asynchronous motor in the process of stopping, the appropriate speed reduction time and S-shaped speed reduction mode are selected. The composition of the reverse torque when the screw pump well is shut down is analyzed, the braking torque needed in the process of soft shutdown is determined, and the relationship between the output frequency change of the variable frequency speed regulation system and the braking torque is established. Finally, the basic principle and system structure of direct torque control (DTC) technology of asynchronous motor are described. The simulation model of direct torque control system is established in Matlab/simulink environment. Aiming at the problem of slow response of speed and torque and poor anti-interference ability of traditional PI speed controller to sudden load or speed change, fuzzy PI speed controller is introduced and reasonable parameter setting is selected. The simulation results show that the overshoot of the improved direct torque control system based on fuzzy speed controller is smaller than that of the traditional direct torque control system based on PI speed controller, the response speed is faster, and the dynamic response of the speed regulation system is obviously improved.
【學位授予單位】：西安石油大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE355.5;TP273

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