【摘要】：針對高氣液比油井防氣問題,目前最有效的措施是安裝井下氣液分離器。自井下氣液分離器應(yīng)用以來,對于其結(jié)構(gòu)和分離機理的研究從未間斷。大多數(shù)學(xué)者主要從分離器結(jié)構(gòu)角度來研究影響分離器分氣效率的因素,而對于分離器工作條件的界定卻比較缺乏；同時在井下氣液分離器的CFD仿真方面,分離器出口邊界條件的選擇存在一定的不足。針對以上問題本文開展了如下工作： (1)基于垂直管中氣液兩相流型,對比分析了Mixture模型、Volume of Fluid模型和Eulerian模型的適應(yīng)性,優(yōu)選出適合分離器模擬的Eulerian多相流控制模型以及PBM氣體控制模型。 (2)井下氣液分離器的工作行為主要受抽油泵抽汲過程的影響,本文借助動網(wǎng)格技術(shù)模擬抽油泵抽汲過程,創(chuàng)建了更真實的分離器工作環(huán)境。同時,結(jié)合分離器的井下行為設(shè)定了壓力入口邊界條件和泵運動出口。 (3)在重力沉降式氣液分離器結(jié)構(gòu)、機理分析基礎(chǔ)上,建立了該分離器的物理模型,通過仿真分析,對割縫入口和小孔入口影響分離器進(jìn)液量的問題進(jìn)行了研究,并對小孔數(shù)量和分離筒內(nèi)中心管的偏心位置進(jìn)行了研究和優(yōu)化。模擬表明：小孔入口結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)于割縫入口,當(dāng)中心管偏心量大于分離筒半徑1/2時效果較好。 (4)工況和流體物性同樣影響分離器的分氣效率,本文分別對沉沒壓力、氣油比、抽汲速度以及粘度對分離器性能的影響進(jìn)行了研究和分析,推薦沉沒壓力為4MPa左右、采用長沖程低沖次。 (5)螺片傾角能夠有效的改變螺旋分離器內(nèi)部流場分布,本文從速度場、壓力場以及云圖分析了螺旋傾角和普通傾角之間的區(qū)別,推薦螺旋傾角為15°。 (6)井下螺旋分離器能否起到螺旋分離的功能主要取決于流體的流速,本文對分離器上下沖程行為進(jìn)行了模擬,并對上下沖程過程中流體的流場分布進(jìn)行了分析和研究,模擬表明：當(dāng)螺旋片上流體流速達(dá)到0.45m/s時才能產(chǎn)生螺旋分離效果。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說明：NW直管氣液兩相典胡流巧(3)過渡流
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of gas prevention in oil wells with high gas-liquid ratio, the most effective measure at present is to install downhole gas-liquid separator. Since the application of downhole gas-liquid separator, the research on its structure and separation mechanism has not been interrupted. Most scholars mainly study the factors that affect the efficiency of separator gas separation from the point of view of separator structure, but lack of definition of separator working conditions. At the same time, in the CFD simulation of downhole gas-liquid separator, there are some shortcomings in the selection of outlet boundary conditions of separator. In order to solve the above problems, the following work has been done in this paper: (1) based on the gas-liquid two-phase flow pattern in vertical tube, the adaptability of, Volume of Fluid model and Eulerian model of Mixture model is compared and analyzed, and the Eulerian multiphase flow control model and PBM gas control model suitable for separator simulation are selected. (2) the working behavior of downhole gas-liquid separator is mainly affected by the swabbing process of the pump. In this paper, the swabbing process of the pump is simulated by using the auxiliary grid technology, and a more real working environment of the separator is created. At the same time, combined with the downhole behavior of the separator, the boundary conditions of the pressure inlet and the pump outlet are set. (3) on the basis of the structure and mechanism analysis of the gravity settling gas-liquid separator, the physical model of the separator is established. Through simulation analysis, the influence of the slit inlet and the small hole inlet on the liquid intake of the separator is studied, and the number of holes and the eccentric position of the central tube in the separation cylinder are studied and optimized. The simulation results show that the structure of the small hole entrance is better than that of the slit entrance, and the effect is better when the eccentricity of the central tube is larger than the radius of the separation tube 1 / 2. (4) the working conditions and fluid physical properties also affect the gas separation efficiency of the separator. In this paper, the effects of sunk pressure, gas-oil ratio, swabbing speed and viscosity on the performance of the separator are studied and analyzed. It is recommended that the sunk pressure is about 4MPa and the long stroke is low stroke. (5) the screw inclination angle can effectively change the flow field distribution in the spiral separator. In this paper, the difference between the spiral inclination angle and the ordinary inclination angle is analyzed from the velocity field, pressure field and cloud image, and the spiral inclination angle is recommended to be 15 擄. (6) whether the downhole spiral separator can play the function of spiral separation mainly depends on the flow rate of the fluid. In this paper, the upper and lower stroke behavior of the separator is simulated, and the flow field distribution of the fluid in the upper and lower stroke process is analyzed and studied. The simulation shows that the spiral separation effect can only be produced when the fluid velocity on the spiral plate reaches 0.45m/s.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE931.1

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