【摘要】：隨呼倫貝爾油田產(chǎn)量遞減,承擔(dān)其原油外輸任務(wù)的蘇嵯輸油管道逐漸進(jìn)入低輸量運(yùn)行階段,為保證其安全運(yùn)行,該管道于2013年建立了正反輸運(yùn)行工藝。但由于缺少系統(tǒng)的理論研究,導(dǎo)致該管道正反輸工藝方案的制定主要憑人為主觀經(jīng)驗(yàn),運(yùn)行過(guò)程的安全性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性得不到保障。為了保證蘇嵯輸油管道的安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行,針對(duì)該管道開展了正反輸工藝條件下的熱力、水力特性及優(yōu)化運(yùn)行技術(shù)研究。取得的主要成果如下:首先,建立了表征輸油管道穩(wěn)態(tài)和非穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行過(guò)程熱力特性的數(shù)學(xué)模型,采用有限元結(jié)合有限差分法進(jìn)行求解。針對(duì)穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行工況,采用反算法計(jì)算得到蘇嵯輸油管道全年不同月份的總傳熱系數(shù),使穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下不同管段的溫降計(jì)算誤差降低為2.41%和3.25%,提高了管道的熱力計(jì)算精度。針對(duì)管道反輸開始階段的非穩(wěn)態(tài)運(yùn)行工況,數(shù)值計(jì)算得到管道沿線不同管段的“總傳熱系數(shù)”,以此對(duì)不同反輸時(shí)間、反輸溫度和輸量下管道沿線的散熱損失和油溫變化規(guī)律進(jìn)行了分析,同時(shí)以原油凝點(diǎn)以上3度為溫度界限,確定了蘇嵯輸油管道不同工況下的最低反輸輸量。其次,結(jié)合輸油管道蠟沉積隨時(shí)間的變化規(guī)律,按運(yùn)行時(shí)間的不同將清管后蘇嵯輸油管道的運(yùn)行過(guò)程分為四個(gè)不同的階段。針對(duì)每個(gè)運(yùn)行階段,以雷諾數(shù)為依據(jù),采用兩階聚類方法將其劃分為多個(gè)不同的運(yùn)行工況,以非線性最小二乘估計(jì)法回歸分析得到不同工況下管道的水力摩阻系數(shù)計(jì)算模型,最終形成能夠全面表征含蠟原油管輸過(guò)程水力特性的計(jì)算模型。與理論模型相比,“首站-中二站”管道清管后不同運(yùn)行階段的總壓降計(jì)算誤差由21.64%、17.26%、17.04%、19.53%降低為10.43%、11.99%、14.16%和3.87%�！爸卸�-末站”管道的總壓降計(jì)算誤差由23.31%、24.27%、27.84%、21.07%降低為6.02%、6.22%、11.98%和4.01%。最后,在對(duì)蘇嵯輸油管道正反輸過(guò)程水力、熱力特性研究基礎(chǔ)上,以一定時(shí)間內(nèi)蘇嵯輸油管道正反輸運(yùn)行過(guò)程的總能耗費(fèi)用最小為目標(biāo),以管道安全完成輸油任務(wù)為約束條件,管道正反輸運(yùn)行時(shí)間、輸量和運(yùn)行參數(shù)為決策變量,建立了蘇嵯輸油管道正反輸運(yùn)行工藝方案優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型。實(shí)例計(jì)算結(jié)果表明,通過(guò)優(yōu)化可以使管道正反輸過(guò)程的運(yùn)行成本降低12.16%。按照同樣的方法優(yōu)化得到蘇嵯輸油管道全年不同季節(jié)、不同輸量下的正反輸運(yùn)行方案,為蘇嵯輸油管道的安全經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行提供了有效的技術(shù)保障。
[Abstract]:With the decline of production in Hulunbeier Oilfield, the Su-Yu pipeline, which undertakes the task of crude oil transportation, has gradually entered the stage of low transportation volume. In order to ensure its safe operation, the pipeline established a forward and negative transportation operation process in 2013. However, due to the lack of systematic theoretical research, the formulation of the forward and negative pipeline transportation process scheme is mainly based on artificial subjective experience, and the safety and economy of the operation process can not be guaranteed. In order to ensure the safe and economic operation of Su Yi oil pipeline, the thermal and hydraulic characteristics and optimal operation technology of the pipeline under the condition of positive and negative transportation process were studied. The main results are as follows: firstly, a mathematical model is established to characterize the thermal characteristics of oil pipeline in steady and unstable operation, and the finite element method combined with finite difference method is used to solve the problem. According to the steady-state operation condition, the total heat transfer coefficient of Soviet oil pipeline in different months of the year is calculated by inverse algorithm, which reduces the calculation error of temperature drop of different pipe segments to 2.41% and 3.25% under stable operation condition. The thermodynamic calculation accuracy of the pipeline is improved. According to the unstable operating conditions in the initial stage of pipeline reverse transportation, the "total heat transfer coefficient" of different pipe segments along the pipeline is calculated by numerical calculation, so as to calculate the "total heat transfer coefficient" of different reverse transportation time. The heat dissipation loss and oil temperature variation along the pipeline under reverse transportation temperature and transportation volume are analyzed. At the same time, taking the temperature limit above 3 degrees above the freezing point of crude oil as the temperature limit, the minimum reverse transportation capacity of Su-ao oil pipeline under different working conditions is determined. Secondly, according to the change of pipeline wax deposition with time, the operation process of Sui oil pipeline after pipe cleaning is divided into four different stages according to the different operation time. For each operation stage, based on Reynolds number, the two-order clustering method is used to divide it into several different operating conditions, and the nonlinear least square estimation method is used to regression analysis to obtain the calculation model of hydraulic friction coefficient of pipeline under different working conditions. Finally, a calculation model is formed, which can comprehensively characterize the hydraulic characteristics of waxy crude oil pipeline transportation process. Compared with the theoretical model, the calculation error of total pressure drop in different operation stages of "first station-second station" pipeline is from 21.64%, 17.26%, 17.04%, 19.53% to 10.43% and 11.99%, respectively. 14.16% and 3.87%. The calculation error of the total pressure drop of the "second and last station" pipeline decreased from 23.31%, 24.27%, 27.84%, 21.07% to 6.02%, 6.22%, 11.98% and 4.01%, respectively, from 23.31%, 24.27%, 27.84%, 21.07% to 6.02%, 6.22%, 11.98% and 4.01%, respectively. Finally, on the basis of the study of the hydraulic and thermodynamic characteristics of the positive and negative transportation process of the Soviet oil pipeline, the total energy consumption cost of the positive and negative transportation process of the Soviet oil pipeline is taken as the goal, and the safe completion of the oil transportation task of the pipeline is taken as the constraint condition. The operation time, transportation volume and operation parameters of positive and negative pipeline are decision variables, and the mathematical model of forward and negative pipeline operation process is established. The calculation results of an example show that the operation cost of pipeline forward and negative transportation process can be reduced by 12.16% by optimization. According to the same method, the operation scheme of positive and negative transportation of Jiangsu oil pipeline in different seasons and different volume of the year is optimized, which provides an effective technical guarantee for the safe and economic operation of Soviet oil pipeline.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TE832.3

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