【摘要】：近年來,原油的開發(fā)和采收日見困難,世界各國的石油類制品對原油需求量逐漸變得難以滿足,已經(jīng)成為世界各國能源開發(fā)領(lǐng)域重視的項目。目前,我國油田大量的油井采油進入三次采油階段,即向油井注入化學劑來驅(qū)替地層油氣。近些年來逐步開發(fā)探索出來的重要油田開發(fā)新技術(shù)是表面活性劑等各類化學復配注劑的使用；三元復合驅(qū)油的礦場實驗在大慶油田已有多個采油區(qū)塊開展,并收到了很好的效果,成為大慶油田穩(wěn)產(chǎn)四千萬噸目標的有力保障。由于技術(shù)完善性的限制及成本過高的原因,致使三元復合驅(qū)的礦場應(yīng)用發(fā)展進度緩慢；而且目前實施的三元復合驅(qū)在油田的實際應(yīng)用中多采用的強堿型復配體系,對環(huán)境及設(shè)施的破壞已經(jīng)越來越受到重視；因此開發(fā)完善生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、研制高性能低成本的弱堿型三元復合驅(qū)油體系成為擴大目前三元復配驅(qū)應(yīng)用范圍的有效途徑之一。本文通過工業(yè)中試裝置對不同原料工業(yè)合成石油羧酸鹽,通過界面活性、乳化性能、穩(wěn)定性能、粘度、驅(qū)油效果以及堿度范圍等幾個方面對由重烷基苯磺酸鹽和石油羧酸鹽兩者共同配比組成的表面活性劑與聚合物、弱堿三元復配體系進行了系統(tǒng)論述。論文包括三方面內(nèi)容：論文第一章對現(xiàn)階段在三次采油中表面活性劑的合成、開發(fā)與使用以及三元復合驅(qū)的弱堿化現(xiàn)狀進行了總結(jié)介紹,闡述了論文的背景、內(nèi)容及目標。論文第二章簡述了以不同廠家的減四線原油為原料制備石油羧酸鹽的方法,對影響產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)率及質(zhì)量的幾個因素餾分性質(zhì)、溫度等進行研究,并給出了原材料期望指標。論文第三章研究了固定聚合物濃度不變的條件下,重烷基苯磺酸鹽和石油羧酸鹽成品按一定比例復配的混合表活劑在弱堿條件下的協(xié)同效應(yīng)。研究結(jié)果表明,在地層水礦化度條件和聚合物存在時二者具有良好的配伍性和很好的界面活性,而且復配體系與大慶原油可獲得優(yōu)良界面活性的混合表活劑和弱堿濃度范圍很寬�？疾炝藦团潴w系的粘度、乳化性能和穩(wěn)定性。實驗結(jié)果表明,弱堿復配體系的粘度隨溫度升高而降低,隨混合表活劑的濃度的提高而增大,隨弱堿濃度增加而有所降低；低濃區(qū)和低堿區(qū)的穩(wěn)定和乳化性能均好于高濃區(qū)和高堿區(qū)者；貝雷巖心實驗結(jié)果說明,重烷基苯磺酸鹽與石油羧酸鹽成品復合的表活劑三元復配體系的原油采收率平均提高25%以上。本研究對于表活劑復配體系的弱堿化驅(qū)油體系設(shè)計具有指導和參考價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the development and recovery of crude oil is becoming more and more difficult, and the demand for crude oil from petroleum products in the world has gradually become difficult to meet, which has become an important project in the field of energy development all over the world. At present, a large number of oil wells in China have entered the stage of tertiary oil recovery, that is, chemical agents are injected into oil wells to drive formation oil and gas. In recent years, the important new technology of oil field development, which has been gradually developed and explored, is the use of all kinds of chemical compound injection agents such as surfactants. The field experiment of ASP flooding has been carried out in many oil production blocks in Daqing Oilfield, and good results have been obtained, which has become a powerful guarantee for the stable production of 40 million tons in Daqing Oilfield. Due to the limitation of technical perfection and the high cost, the development progress of ASP flooding is slow. Moreover, the strong alkali complex system, which is often used in the practical application of ASP flooding in oil fields, has been paid more and more attention to the damage of environment and facilities. Therefore, the development and improvement of production technology and the development of weak alkali ASP flooding system with high performance and low cost have become one of the effective ways to expand the application range of ASP flooding at present. In this paper, petroleum Carboxylate was synthesized from different raw material industries through industrial pilot plant, through interfacial activity, emulsification, stability and viscosity. The effect of flooding and the range of alkalinity were systematically discussed in the ternary compound system of surfactants, polymers and weak bases, which was composed of heavy alkylbenzenesulfonate and petroleum Carboxylate. The paper includes three aspects: in the first chapter, the synthesis, development and use of surfactants in tertiary oil recovery and the weak alkalinity of ASP flooding are summarized and introduced, and the background, content and goal of the paper are expounded. In the second chapter, the method of preparing petroleum Carboxylate from four-wire crude oil from different manufacturers is briefly described, and several factors affecting the yield and quality of the product, such as fraction properties and temperature, are studied, and the expected index of raw materials is given. In the third chapter, the synergistic effect of the mixture of heavy alkylbenzenesulfonate and petroleum Carboxylate in a certain proportion under the condition of constant concentration of fixed polymer was studied under the condition of weak base. The results show that the two have good compatibility and good interfacial activity in the presence of formation water salinity and polymer. Moreover, the mixed surface active agent and weak alkali concentration with excellent interfacial activity can be obtained by the compound system and Daqing crude oil. The viscosity, emulsification and stability of the composite system were investigated. The experimental results show that the viscosity of the weak alkali complex system decreases with the increase of temperature, increases with the increase of the concentration of mixed surface active agent, and decreases with the increase of weak alkali concentration. The stability and emulsification performance of low concentration area and low alkali area were better than those of high concentration area and high alkali area. The core test results show that the crude oil recovery of the ternary compound system of heavy alkylbenzenesulfonate and petroleum Carboxylate is increased by more than 25% on average. This study has guiding and reference value for the design of weak alkalized oil displacement system of surface active agent compound system.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.46

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