【摘要】：分段壓裂是水平井的關(guān)鍵配套技術(shù)之一,此技術(shù)可在較短的時間內(nèi)將多個儲層一次性地壓裂,能最大程度地減少對儲層的負面影響,從而實現(xiàn)多層合采、提升單井產(chǎn)量、最大限度提升儲層采收率等的目的。裸眼水平井分段壓裂技術(shù)是段提高油氣藏產(chǎn)能較為成熟的技術(shù)之一,該工藝可操作性好、可靠性高,能較好改造低孔、低滲透油氣藏,是目前國內(nèi)主流的一種提升油氣井產(chǎn)能的技術(shù)。封隔器和投球滑套是裸眼水平井分段壓裂管柱中的重要組成部分,是保證裸眼水平井分段壓裂技術(shù)可靠性和安全性能的關(guān)鍵,其密封性能甚至可決定壓裂施工的成敗。歸納了國內(nèi)外普遍認可的沖蝕理論模型,根據(jù)其優(yōu)缺點和適用范圍,結(jié)合壓裂管柱內(nèi)攜砂流體實際工況,進一步研究了投球滑套球座受顆粒沖刷磨損的機理及數(shù)值模擬的理論模型。從外界環(huán)境因素、顆粒性能、靶材屬性等方面總結(jié)了影響球座沖蝕的因素。本文參照現(xiàn)場壓裂施工的實際工況,經(jīng)考慮攜砂流體高含砂比的情況,構(gòu)建了液固兩相歐拉雙流體模型,同時利用UDF對球座的入口紊流速度進行了修正。利用用計算流體力學(CFD)的理論,分析了投球滑套球座因攜砂液沖刷磨損而造成的密封失效問題,并利用ANSYS-FLUENT軟件對球座沖蝕磨損進行模擬。通過對滑套的沖蝕破損分析,構(gòu)建了一套適用于球座沖蝕磨損程度的評價指標；模擬發(fā)現(xiàn)球座與低密度球的坐封點沖蝕破損最為嚴重,這為球座流道優(yōu)化設(shè)計奠定了基礎(chǔ)。同時分析研究了各種現(xiàn)場因素對球座沖蝕的影響及在某小段地層壓裂時其上游各球座的沖蝕分布規(guī)律,并計算整個井位壓裂完成后各球座被剝蝕掉的材料體積,解決了球座因沖蝕而存在連續(xù)失效的問題。為了有效避免球座在壓裂過程中沖蝕失效,改進了雙角度前錐面球座和角度+球面密封球座。這兩種球座通過改變傳統(tǒng)球座流道的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計對傳統(tǒng)球座進行了耐沖蝕優(yōu)化,但它們依舊適用于原壓裂管柱。研究結(jié)果表明,雙角度前錐面球座能極大地提高前錐面的耐沖蝕能力,并且角度+球面密封球座不僅能有效提升球座的密封性能,還可避免球座流道沖蝕最為嚴重的部位與坐封點重合；分析不同攜砂液排量、支撐劑顆粒粒徑、攜砂液含砂比等因素影響兩種球座沖蝕的規(guī)律,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)攜砂液排量對雙角度前錐面球座的影響最為突出。通過對投球滑套球座沖蝕行為及提升抗沖蝕磨損能力的研究,為解決投球滑套球座沖蝕失效問題提供了合理思路,同時也為現(xiàn)場壓裂施工提供了理論指導(dǎo),因此具有較強的參考價值。
[Abstract]:Segmented fracturing is one of the key supporting technologies of horizontal wells. This technology can fracturing multiple reservoirs at one time in a relatively short period of time, which can minimize the negative impact on the reservoir, so as to achieve multi-layer combined production and increase the production of single well. The purpose of maximizing reservoir recovery and so on. The piecewise fracturing technology of open hole horizontal well is one of the more mature technologies to improve the production and energy of oil and gas reservoirs. The process has good maneuverability, high reliability and can be used to transform low porosity and low permeability reservoirs. At present, it is a mainstream technology to improve the productivity of oil and gas wells in China. Packer and ball slip sleeve are important components of segmented fracturing string in open hole horizontal wells, and they are the key to ensure the reliability and safety performance of segmented fracturing technology in open hole horizontal wells, and their sealing performance can even determine the success or failure of fracturing operation. The erosion theoretical model, which is widely accepted at home and abroad, is summarized. According to its advantages, disadvantages and applicable scope, combined with the actual working conditions of sand carrying fluid in the fracturing pipe string, The mechanism of particle erosion and wear of pitching sliding sleeve ball seat and the theoretical model of numerical simulation are further studied. The factors affecting the erosion of ball pedestal are summarized from the aspects of external environmental factors, particle properties and target properties. In this paper, according to the actual working conditions of field fracturing construction, the liquid-solid two-phase Euler two-fluid model is constructed by considering the high sand content ratio of sand carrying fluid, and the turbulent velocity at the entrance of the ball seat is modified by UDF. Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the sealing failure of ball seat caused by sand carrying fluid scour and wear is analyzed, and the erosion wear of ball seat is simulated by ANSYS-FLUENT software. Based on the analysis of erosion damage of sliding sleeve, a set of evaluation indexes suitable for the erosion wear degree of ball seat is constructed, and it is found that the erosion damage of seat and low density ball is the most serious, which lays a foundation for the optimal design of ball seat channel. At the same time, the influence of various field factors on the erosion of ball pedestal and the erosion distribution of each ball pedestal upstream of a small formation during fracturing are analyzed and studied, and the material volume of each ball pedestal denudated after the completion of fracturing in the whole well position is calculated. The problem of continuous failure of ball seat due to erosion is solved. In order to effectively avoid the erosion failure of the ball seat in the process of fracturing, the double angle front conical ball seat and the angle spherical sealing ball seat are improved. The erosion resistance of the traditional ball seat is optimized by changing the structure design of the traditional ball seat channel, but they are still suitable for the original fracturing pipe string. The results show that the double angle front conical ball seat can greatly improve the erosion resistance of the front cone, and the angle spherical sealing ball seat can not only effectively improve the sealing performance of the ball seat. It can also avoid the most serious erosion of the ball seat channel and the coincidence of the sitting sealing point. The erosion laws of two kinds of ball pedestal are analyzed, such as different sand carrying liquid discharge, propelling particle size and sand content ratio of sand carrying liquid. It is found that the influence of sand carrying liquid discharge on double angle front conical ball seat is the most prominent. Through the study of the erosion behavior of the pitching sliding sleeve pedestal and the improvement of the erosion wear resistance, this paper provides a reasonable idea for solving the erosion failure problem of the pitching sliding sleeve pedestal, and also provides theoretical guidance for the field fracturing construction. Therefore, it has a strong reference value.
【學位授予單位】：長江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TE983

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