【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)的不斷發(fā)展,我國(guó)石油的供求矛盾不斷增大,大量石油需要進(jìn)口。因此,提高石油的采收率成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急,而壓裂設(shè)備正是提高石油采收率的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。目前,我國(guó)的壓裂設(shè)備在功率和壽命方面與美國(guó)等發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家還有一定差距。為了縮短差距,國(guó)家投入了大量的人力和物力對(duì)此進(jìn)行研究。泵頭體是壓裂設(shè)備的核心部件之一,它承受著高壓循環(huán)載荷的沖擊和工作介質(zhì)的侵蝕。在工作過程中,壓裂設(shè)備中所使用的泵頭體部分易出現(xiàn)早期失效的現(xiàn)象。由于泵頭體的制造成本高昂,設(shè)計(jì)制造不同材料的泵頭體做試驗(yàn)需要巨額的試驗(yàn)成本。本課題旨在研究建立一個(gè)模擬試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),最大程度地模擬泵頭體實(shí)際的工作環(huán)境,觀察在交變循環(huán)的超高壓下泵頭體材料的失效過程并比較泵頭體材料的特性,以達(dá)到選取新材料的目的。本課題通過分析泵頭體在真實(shí)工作環(huán)境中的受力情況,提出了要達(dá)到與實(shí)際受力環(huán)境相似模擬受力環(huán)境所需的五個(gè)基本參數(shù),并據(jù)此指導(dǎo)壓力產(chǎn)生裝置的選擇和試驗(yàn)樣塊的設(shè)計(jì)。試驗(yàn)樣塊是承受交變循環(huán)的超高壓力的載體,并以試驗(yàn)樣塊能夠承受的累計(jì)沖次數(shù)作為判斷新材料好壞的依據(jù)。本文主要介紹了模擬試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的工作原理,整體規(guī)劃,主系統(tǒng)和數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)。其中,主系統(tǒng)包括:壓力產(chǎn)生裝置,機(jī)械裝置,高壓調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)及其控制部分。而數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)包括電機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集部分,傳感器數(shù)據(jù)采集部分,圖像采集與圖像識(shí)別部分,聲發(fā)射數(shù)據(jù)采集部分。在試驗(yàn)過程中,此平臺(tái)通過電機(jī)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)電機(jī)的運(yùn)行狀況,通過傳感器數(shù)據(jù)采集部分能夠?qū)崟r(shí)采集和監(jiān)測(cè)壓力、位移、應(yīng)變及環(huán)境溫度等數(shù)據(jù)的變化,利用聲發(fā)射方式來判斷裂紋的產(chǎn)生與擴(kuò)展,并運(yùn)用圖像采集與圖像識(shí)別的方式判斷材料最終失效。該模擬試驗(yàn)平臺(tái)通過試驗(yàn)證明的方式達(dá)到了選取泵頭體新材料的目的,對(duì)新材料的選取有著非常重大的意義。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of our society, the contradiction between supply and demand of oil in our country is increasing, and a large number of oil needs to be imported. Therefore, it is urgent to improve oil recovery, and fracturing equipment is the key equipment to improve oil recovery. At present, there is still a certain gap between China's fracturing equipment and developed countries such as the United States in terms of power and life. In order to shorten the gap, the state has invested a lot of human and material resources to study it. Pump head is one of the core components of fracturing equipment, which bears the impact of high pressure cycle load and the erosion of working medium. In the process of work, the part of pump head used in fracturing equipment is prone to early failure. Because of the high manufacturing cost of the pump head body, it takes a huge test cost to design and manufacture the pump head body with different materials. The purpose of this paper is to establish a simulation test platform to simulate the actual working environment of the pump head to the greatest extent, to observe the failure process of the pump head material under the ultra-high pressure of alternating cycle, and to compare the characteristics of the pump head material. In order to achieve the purpose of selecting new materials. Based on the analysis of the force acting on the pump head body in the real working environment, this paper puts forward five basic parameters needed to simulate the stress environment similar to the actual stress environment. According to this, the selection of pressure generating device and the design of test sample block are guided. The test sample block is the carrier of ultra-high pressure under alternating cycle, and the cumulative impact times that the test sample block can bear is used as the basis to judge the quality of the new material. This paper mainly introduces the working principle, overall planning, main system and data acquisition system of the simulation test platform. The main system includes pressure generating device, mechanical device, high pressure regulating mechanism and its control part. The data acquisition system includes motor data acquisition, sensor data acquisition, image acquisition and image recognition, acoustic emission data acquisition. In the test process, the platform can monitor the operation of the motor in real time through the motor data acquisition system, and the data changes of pressure, displacement, strain and environment temperature can be collected and monitored in real time through the sensor data acquisition part. Acoustic emission (AE) is used to judge the generation and propagation of cracks, and image acquisition and image recognition are used to judge the final failure of the material. The simulation test platform has achieved the purpose of selecting new materials for pump head through experiments, which is of great significance to the selection of new materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE934.2

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