【摘要】：利用機械進行采油和依靠自噴采油是原油開采的兩種基本方法。游梁式抽油機是機械采油方法中應(yīng)用的最廣泛的抽油設(shè)備,其數(shù)量占到采油提升設(shè)備80%以上。它具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、成本低、可靠性高、維修方便、使用壽命長等特點。但是,游梁式抽油機在工作過程中常常會出現(xiàn)不平衡的問題,其電動機、減速器、以及四連桿機構(gòu)等壽命的降低就是由不平衡導(dǎo)致的,甚至?xí)铀俪橛蜅U的斷裂。因此,在游梁式抽油機運行過程中必須解決抽油機的不平衡問題。目前抽油機平衡調(diào)節(jié)主要方式是采用抽油機在停機狀態(tài)下油田工人手動調(diào)平衡,因平衡塊很重,有時還需借助吊車才能實現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié),這種方式顯然存在著抽油機平衡不能及時進行調(diào)節(jié)、調(diào)節(jié)效率不高、調(diào)節(jié)速度慢等問題。針對以上問題,本文以抽油機平衡理論為基礎(chǔ),對12型游梁式抽油機曲柄平衡自動調(diào)節(jié)做了以下方面的研究:(1)通過文獻調(diào)研可知,國內(nèi)外研究人員所研究出現(xiàn)有的各式新型調(diào)平衡裝置典型的有:隨動平衡、增加超越離合器、飛輪動能平衡、電機加滾珠絲杠自動調(diào)節(jié)平衡等。(2)通過熟悉抽油機自動平衡的結(jié)構(gòu)形式和工作原理,確定出抽油機曲柄平衡自動調(diào)節(jié)裝置設(shè)計方案,利用絲杠、錐齒輪、齒輪齒環(huán)等機構(gòu),實現(xiàn)平衡塊在曲柄上的直線移動。(3)根據(jù)抽油機的實際工況,以抽油機平衡理論為基礎(chǔ),計算出自動調(diào)平衡裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),并完成該裝置的裝配圖。(4)根據(jù)設(shè)計方案,對調(diào)平衡裝置重要零部件進行強度校核和剛度計算。(5)利用PLC(可編程控制器)以及傳感器等控制元件來實現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)裝置的自動控制。通過上述的分析,設(shè)計出兩種調(diào)節(jié)裝置都能實現(xiàn)曲柄平衡自動調(diào)節(jié)。方案1裝置具有的特點是整個曲柄平衡自動調(diào)節(jié)消耗的時間短,效率高,不需要人工操作,抽油機可以在不停機的時候調(diào)節(jié)平衡,這樣抽油機的生產(chǎn)效率提高了,產(chǎn)量增加,整個裝置結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,易實現(xiàn)。但調(diào)節(jié)平衡時只能當(dāng)曲柄平衡塊運動到一定的角度范圍內(nèi)才能實現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié),不能在曲柄平衡塊轉(zhuǎn)動的任意角度調(diào)節(jié)。在抽油機的一個沖程內(nèi)只能調(diào)節(jié)一次,經(jīng)多個沖程的調(diào)節(jié)即可達到平衡調(diào)節(jié)要求。方案2裝置具有的特點是該裝置結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,易于實現(xiàn),調(diào)節(jié)的過程較短,可以在曲柄平衡塊運動的任意角度進行調(diào)節(jié),其調(diào)節(jié)消耗的時間比方案1的時間要短,但需要外接電源進行供能才能實現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Mechanical oil recovery and self-injection oil recovery are two basic methods of crude oil production. Beam pumping unit is the most widely used pumping equipment in mechanical oil recovery method, which accounts for more than 80% of the oil production lifting equipment. It has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, high reliability, convenient maintenance and long service life. However, the unbalanced problem often occurs in the working process of the beam pumping unit. The decrease of the life of the motor, reducer and four-bar mechanism is caused by the imbalance, and even accelerates the fracture of the sucker rod. Therefore, the imbalance of pumping unit must be solved in the operation process of beam pumping unit. At present, the main way of balance adjustment of pumping unit is to use pumping unit to adjust balance manually under the condition of shutdown. Because the balance block is very heavy, sometimes it is necessary to use crane to adjust. Obviously, there are some problems in this way, such as the balance of pumping unit can not be adjusted in time, the adjustment efficiency is not high, the adjustment speed is slow and so on. In order to solve the above problems, based on the balance theory of pumping unit, the automatic adjustment of crank balance of type 12 beam pumping unit is studied in the following aspects: (1) through literature research, it can be seen that Researchers at home and abroad have developed various new types of balance regulating devices, which are typical of following dynamic balance, increasing overrunning clutch, and balancing the dynamic energy of flywheel. The motor plus ball screw automatically adjusts the balance, etc. (2) by familiar with the structure form and working principle of the automatic balance of the pumping unit, the design scheme of the automatic adjusting device of the crank balance of the pumping unit is determined, and the design scheme of the automatic adjusting device of the crank balance of the pumping unit is determined by using the screw and bevel gear, Gear ring and other mechanisms to realize the straight line movement of the balance block on the crank. (3) according to the actual working conditions of the pumping unit, based on the balance theory of the pumping unit, the structural parameters of the automatic balance adjusting device are calculated. And complete the assembly drawing of the device. (4) according to the design scheme, The strength check and stiffness calculation of the important parts of the balance adjusting device are carried out. (5) the automatic control of the regulating device is realized by using PLC (programmable controller) and sensor and other control elements. Through the above analysis, two kinds of regulating devices are designed to realize the automatic adjustment of crank balance. The characteristic of the scheme 1 device is that the whole crank balance automatically adjusts the consumption time is short, the efficiency is high, does not need the manual operation, the pumping unit can adjust the balance when does not stop, thus the production efficiency of the pumping unit increases, the output increases, The whole device is simple in structure and easy to realize. However, when adjusting the balance, it can only be adjusted when the crank balance block moves to a certain angle, and can not be adjusted at any angle of the crank balance block rotation. It can only be adjusted once in one stroke of the pumping unit, and the balance adjustment can be achieved by adjusting multiple strokes. The characteristic of the scheme 2 device is that the device has the advantages of simple structure, easy realization, short adjustment process, and can be adjusted at any angle of the crank balance block motion, and the time consumed by the adjustment is shorter than that of the scheme 1. However, it needs external power supply in order to achieve it.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TE933.1

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