【摘要】：人類對石油資源的需求口益增加,陸上資源亦日趨枯竭,因此對海上油氣資源的勘探及開發(fā)迫在眉睫。目前世界各國都在大力發(fā)展海上鉆井及采油平臺技術(shù),爭取在即將到來的資源大戰(zhàn)中占有有利地位。如何快速、安全、經(jīng)濟的將海上平臺安裝在指定海域是平臺海上施工的一個研究重點。平臺的海上安裝一般有吊裝法和浮托法安裝兩種,而傳統(tǒng)的吊裝法安裝隨著安裝費用的提高、上部組塊重量的增大以及平臺結(jié)構(gòu)的限制,其應(yīng)用范圍越來越受到限制。因此浮托法安裝逐漸在海上安裝中占據(jù)一席之地,并在國內(nèi)外得到廣泛應(yīng)用。其中,雙船浮托安裝作為浮托法安裝的一種,有著不受平臺開口及吃水的限制、可以安裝較大組塊重量的優(yōu)點,已然成為了平臺海上安裝的熱點。本文首先介紹了浮托法安裝的操作過程,闡述了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對浮托法安裝的研究現(xiàn)狀及進展,詳細介紹了雙船浮托法安裝的步驟。其次,參考適合中國南海海域的Cell Spar概念模型,根據(jù)使用雙船浮托法安裝上部組塊的過程中重量載荷的轉(zhuǎn)移特點,使用水動力計算軟件AQWA建立目標(biāo)平臺在安裝中不同階段的水動力模型。采用三維勢流理論,對不同階段的水動力模型進行了頻域分析,得到了卸載過程中浮托駁船和Spar平臺的附加質(zhì)量系數(shù)、阻尼系數(shù)和運動幅值響應(yīng)算子(RAO)等水動力參數(shù)以及在規(guī)則波中的運動特性。然后,在頻域分析的基礎(chǔ)上,建立雙船浮托安裝的時域計算模型。使用AQWA-Drift模塊模擬浮托駁船、上部模塊和平臺主體三者以剛接、鉸接兩種不同連接方式在實際安裝海洋環(huán)境中的運動。文章分別從駁船、平臺間的相對運動對比、剛接鉸接時的單個浮體運動響應(yīng)對比、連接處的接觸點受力情況對比和系泊纜的受力對比四個方面分析了Spar平臺的上部模塊以不同連接方式在雙船浮托安裝中的運動特性。以上部載荷從浮托駁船轉(zhuǎn)移重量50%到平臺主體時為例,通過對剛接、鉸接以及環(huán)境載荷不同入射方向進行對比,得出通過數(shù)值模擬,在浮托安裝的此階段時使用剛性連接方式連接浮托駁船和上部模塊最為合適。最后,依據(jù)剛性連接的基礎(chǔ),在環(huán)境載荷180°入射時,通過改變浮托駁船與平臺主體之間的間距、風(fēng)浪流海洋環(huán)境參數(shù)等相關(guān)參數(shù)對浮托安裝模型中的平臺主體進行了運動響應(yīng)預(yù)報,得到了其運動的變化規(guī)律,為以后的研究提供參考依據(jù)。本文采用數(shù)值模擬的方法研究了深海Cell Spar平臺在使用雙船浮托法安裝過程中的相關(guān)問題,探究了不同連接方式對安裝的影響,豐富了雙船浮托法安裝內(nèi)容,對以后的海上浮托安裝的數(shù)值計算具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:With the increase of human demand for oil resources and the depletion of onshore resources, it is urgent to explore and exploit offshore oil and gas resources. At present, all countries in the world are vigorously developing offshore drilling and oil production platform technology, and strive to occupy a favorable position in the coming resource war. How to install the offshore platform in the designated sea area quickly, safely and economically is a research focus of the offshore construction of the platform. There are generally two kinds of offshore installation of platform: hoisting method and floating method. With the increase of installation cost, the weight of upper block and the limitation of platform structure, the application scope of traditional hoisting method is more and more limited. Therefore, float installation gradually occupies a place in offshore installation, and has been widely used at home and abroad. Among them, as a kind of float installation, double ship float installation has the advantage of not being limited by platform opening and draught, and can install large block weight, which has become the hot spot of platform offshore installation. This paper first introduces the operation process of float method installation, expounds the research status and progress of domestic and foreign scholars on float method installation, and introduces in detail the steps of double ship float method installation. Secondly, referring to the Cell Spar conceptual model suitable for the South China Sea, according to the transfer characteristics of the weight load in the process of installing the upper block by using the two-ship floating bracket method, The hydrodynamic model of the target platform in different stages of installation is established by using the hydrodynamic calculation software AQWA. Based on the three-dimensional potential flow theory, the hydrodynamic models of different stages are analyzed in frequency domain, and the additional mass coefficients of buoy barge and Spar platform during unloading are obtained. Hydrodynamic parameters such as damping coefficient and motion amplitude response operator (RAO) and their motion characteristics in regular waves. Then, on the basis of frequency domain analysis, the time domain calculation model of double ship float installation is established. The AQWA-Drift module is used to simulate the movement of the buoy barge, the upper module and the platform body in the actual installation marine environment. In this paper, the relative motion between barge and platform is compared, and the motion response of a single floating body when it is just connected is compared. The movement characteristics of the upper module of Spar platform in the installation of double ship floating bracket are analyzed from four aspects: the force comparison of the contact point at the joint and the force comparison of the mooring cable. Taking the upper load transfer 50% of the weight from the buoy barge to the main body of the platform as an example, by comparing the rigid connection, the articulation and the different incident directions of the environmental load, the numerical simulation is obtained. It is most suitable to use rigid connection mode to connect float barge and upper module at this stage of float installation. Finally, according to the foundation of the rigid connection, when the environmental load is 180 擄incident, by changing the distance between the buoy barge and the main body of the platform, The motion response of the platform body in the float installation model is predicted by the relevant parameters such as wind, wave and current marine environment parameters, and the variation law of the motion is obtained, which provides a reference for the future research. In this paper, the problems related to the installation of deep-sea Cell Spar platform by using two-ship float method are studied by means of numerical simulation, and the influence of different connection modes on the installation is discussed, which enriches the installation content of the two-ship float method. It has certain reference value for the numerical calculation of offshore float installation in the future.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE95

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