【摘要】：注水開發(fā)是成熟油田保持地層壓力所采用的主要開采方式,而注水井吸水能力的變化對油田經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效地開發(fā)有著至關(guān)重要的影響,因此針對注水井的吸水能力進(jìn)行有效預(yù)測成為相關(guān)專家和學(xué)者日益關(guān)心的問題。相關(guān)研究表明,對于海上注水開發(fā)油田,注入水與油層溫差產(chǎn)生的熱誘導(dǎo)裂縫對注水井吸水能力變化存在不容忽視的影響,因此將熱誘導(dǎo)裂縫存在因素納入注水井吸水能力研究,對于油田精確掌握注水動態(tài)有著重要意義。 熱誘導(dǎo)裂縫是指油田注水工程中,低溫注入水注入到高溫儲層后,近井地帶的溫度場與孔隙壓力場隨之發(fā)生變化,造成巖石應(yīng)力場改變而形成的誘導(dǎo)微裂縫,這種現(xiàn)象在采用海水進(jìn)行開采的海上油田普遍存在。產(chǎn)生的大量熱裂縫增加了注入水進(jìn)入儲層的濾失面積,同時(shí)為懸浮顆粒提供了更多沉降、運(yùn)移的壁面環(huán)境,有效緩解了注入水對儲層的污染程度。熱裂縫現(xiàn)象的存在可以有效提高注水層位對較低品質(zhì)注入水的容忍程度,這對于油田注入水水質(zhì)指標(biāo)優(yōu)化決策無疑具有指導(dǎo)意義。 在大量調(diào)研國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,針對海上油田海水回注現(xiàn)狀,系統(tǒng)調(diào)研了常規(guī)注水井吸水能力評價(jià)模型,并針對熱誘導(dǎo)裂縫存在條件下注水井吸水能力變化規(guī)律提出模擬思路；根據(jù)熱誘導(dǎo)裂縫形成及擴(kuò)展機(jī)理,建立了注水冷卻區(qū)域熱誘導(dǎo)裂縫擴(kuò)展模型；深入研究懸浮顆粒運(yùn)移堵塞機(jī)理并建立了濾餅區(qū)域壓降模型,并通過模型耦合建立了基于熱誘導(dǎo)裂縫的注水井吸水能力預(yù)測模型。模型求解過程中,引入了溫度場計(jì)算模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)了任意時(shí)刻下溫差數(shù)值的精確求解。通過使用該模型對影響因素進(jìn)行單因素和多因素綜合分析,得到了各因素對注水井吸水能力的影響程度,并結(jié)合x油田實(shí)際注水特征,進(jìn)行吸水能力預(yù)測對比,驗(yàn)證了模型的可靠性,完善了海上油田注水井吸水能力預(yù)測理論,并對海上油田現(xiàn)場精確掌握注水井吸水能力變化具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Water injection development is the main way to maintain formation pressure in mature oilfields, and the change of water absorption capacity of injection wells has a vital impact on the economic and effective development of oil fields. Therefore, it is an increasingly concerned problem for experts and scholars to predict the water absorption capacity of water injection wells effectively. The related research shows that the thermal induced fractures produced by the temperature difference between injected water and oil layer have an important influence on the change of water absorption capacity of water injection wells for offshore waterflooding oilfield. Therefore, it is of great significance to integrate the existing factors of thermal induced fractures into the study of water absorption ability of injection wells for accurately mastering the water injection performance in oil fields. Thermal induced fracture (TIC) is a kind of induced microfracture which is caused by the change of temperature field and pore pressure field in near-well zone after injection of low-temperature injected water into high-temperature reservoir in oilfield water injection engineering, which results in the change of rock stress field. This phenomenon is common in offshore oilfields where seawater is used for exploitation. A large number of thermal fractures produced increased the filtration area of injected water into the reservoir, and provided more settlement and migration environment for suspended particles, which effectively alleviated the pollution degree of injected water to the reservoir. The existence of thermal fracture phenomenon can effectively improve the tolerance of water injection layer to low quality injected water, which is undoubtedly of guiding significance for optimizing the water quality index of injected water in oil field. On the basis of a large number of domestic and foreign literatures, according to the current situation of seawater reinjection in offshore oil fields, the evaluation model of water absorption capacity of conventional injection wells is systematically investigated. According to the variation rule of water absorption capacity of water injection well under the condition of thermal induced fracture, the simulation idea is put forward. According to the formation and propagation mechanism of thermal induced fractures, a model of thermal induced fracture propagation in water injection cooling region is established. The mechanism of suspended particle migration and blockage is deeply studied and the model of filter cake regional pressure drop is established. The prediction model of water absorption capacity of water injection wells based on thermal induced fractures is established by coupling the model. In the process of solving the model, the temperature field calculation model is introduced, and the accurate solution of the temperature difference value at any time is realized. Through the comprehensive analysis of single factor and multi-factor by using the model, the influence degree of each factor on water absorption capacity of water injection well is obtained, and the prediction and comparison of water absorption capacity are carried out according to the actual water injection characteristics of oilfield x. The reliability of the model is verified and the prediction theory of water absorption capacity of water injection wells in offshore oilfields is improved. It is of certain reference value to accurately grasp the variation of water absorption capacity of water injection wells in offshore oilfields.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TE357.6

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