發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-27 20:08

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,油氣管道的建設(shè)在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展中起著舉足輕重的地位。由于長期以來油氣管道的管理模式和手段導(dǎo)致油氣管道管理效率低,并且在處理管道突發(fā)事故的應(yīng)變能力與分析決策力已經(jīng)難以適用于當(dāng)今管道的安全管理。油氣管道的完整性管理就是通過對(duì)管道運(yùn)營中面臨的安全因素進(jìn)行識(shí)別和評(píng)價(jià),制定相應(yīng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制對(duì)策,改善不利因素,使管道處于安全運(yùn)營狀態(tài)的一種科學(xué)化的維護(hù)和管理手段。而地理信息系統(tǒng)(GIS)可以對(duì)油氣管道的相關(guān)地理分布數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和顯示,使得油氣管道以可視化的形式展現(xiàn)出來。本文首先針對(duì)油氣管道運(yùn)輸?shù)奶攸c(diǎn),對(duì)油氣管道的完整性管理的現(xiàn)狀和管道在運(yùn)行中所面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素和影響管道完整性管理的重要因素進(jìn)行分析。針對(duì)油氣管道完整性管理模型和管道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素,提出管道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)流程圖,并總結(jié)管道風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。同時(shí)依據(jù)ASMEB31G和API579等完整性管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)總結(jié)管道腐蝕的評(píng)價(jià)方法,建立內(nèi)腐蝕評(píng)價(jià)流程圖。另外,通過管道的評(píng)價(jià)和預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果建立管道修復(fù)程序來對(duì)管道的內(nèi)腐蝕和外腐蝕缺陷進(jìn)行修復(fù),對(duì)管道地質(zhì)災(zāi)害進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析后總結(jié)管道地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的防治手段。其次通過使用Mapinfo軟件對(duì)管道所處的信息建立地理圖層,將管道以直觀的可視化形式展現(xiàn)出來,并整合空間數(shù)據(jù)、屬性數(shù)據(jù)和管道運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù),建立GIS監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)庫模型,通過GIS強(qiáng)大的數(shù)據(jù)分析能力來對(duì)管道的運(yùn)行狀況進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),并及時(shí)判斷出管道潛在危險(xiǎn),并在地理圖層中對(duì)其進(jìn)行定位,同時(shí)開發(fā)移動(dòng)終端GPS定位功能,并與GIS系統(tǒng)集成為管道完整性管理提供決策,使得管道的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)能及時(shí)得到控制。最后在實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下對(duì)延安—西安段成品油管道進(jìn)行模擬,對(duì)潛在的危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)在地理圖層中進(jìn)行快速定位,并選擇最近的搶修人員對(duì)潛在危險(xiǎn)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行檢查和修復(fù),確保管道正常運(yùn)行,提高油氣管道運(yùn)行的安全性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the construction of oil and gas pipeline plays an important role in promoting the development of economy. Because of the long-term management mode and means of oil and gas pipeline, the management efficiency of oil and gas pipeline is low, and it is difficult to apply to the safety management of pipeline nowadays because of the ability of strain and analysis and decision-making in dealing with the sudden accident of pipeline. The integrity management of oil and gas pipeline is to identify and evaluate the safety factors in the pipeline operation, to formulate the corresponding risk control countermeasures, and to improve the unfavorable factors. A scientific means of maintaining and managing pipelines in a state of safe operation. The geographic information system (GIS) can analyze and display the relevant geographical distribution data of oil and gas pipeline, which makes the pipeline display in the form of visualization. Firstly, according to the characteristics of oil and gas pipeline transportation, this paper analyzes the present situation of integrity management of oil and gas pipeline, the risk factors faced by the pipeline in operation and the important factors that affect the integrity management of oil and gas pipeline. In view of the integrity management model of oil and gas pipeline and pipeline risk factors, the flow chart of pipeline risk assessment is put forward, and the technical key points of pipeline risk assessment are summarized. At the same time, according to the integrity management standards such as ASMEB31G and API579, the evaluation method of pipeline corrosion is summarized, and the flow chart of internal corrosion evaluation is established. In addition, through the evaluation and prediction results of the pipeline, the pipeline repair program is established to repair the internal and external corrosion defects of the pipeline. After the detailed analysis of the pipeline geological hazards, the prevention and treatment measures of the pipeline geological disasters are summarized. Secondly, through the use of Mapinfo software to establish the geographic layer of the pipeline information, the pipeline is displayed in visual form, and the spatial data, attribute data and pipeline running data are integrated, and the GIS monitoring database model is established. Through the powerful data analysis ability of GIS, the pipeline operation condition is monitored, and the potential danger of the pipeline is judged in time, and it is located in the geographical layer. At the same time, the mobile terminal GPS positioning function is developed at the same time. And integrated with GIS system to provide decision-making for pipeline integrity management, so that pipeline risk can be controlled in time. Finally, under the environment of laboratory, the product pipeline of Yan'an-Xi'an section is simulated, and the potential dangerous points are located quickly in the geographical layer, and the nearest repair personnel is selected to inspect and repair the potential dangerous points. Ensure the normal operation of pipeline, improve the safety and reliability of oil and gas pipeline operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TE973

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