【摘要】：重油的開采與加工日益成為石油化工行業(yè)關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),然而其深加工利用受到內(nèi)部高含量金屬的影響。為此,本文介紹了重油中金屬的來源、存在形態(tài)及其對(duì)石油加工利用的危害。綜合對(duì)比分析了國內(nèi)外重油脫金屬常用的幾種方法。膜分離法雖然工藝簡單、經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)保,但該技術(shù)不成熟,難以滿足工業(yè)應(yīng)用;催化加氫法金屬脫除率高,但易受氫源及催化劑性能限制,且工業(yè)成本較高;化學(xué)法易于操作但副反應(yīng)多且易污染環(huán)境;超聲波脫金屬法節(jié)能降耗明顯,脫金屬率高,但大型的超聲裝置如何應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn),尚需進(jìn)行深入研究;微生物法投資少,適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),但難以篩選合適的菌種�？傊�,由于重油自身的特性,單一的脫金屬技術(shù)難以獲得佳績,聯(lián)合脫金屬將成為一種發(fā)展趨勢。
[Abstract]:The exploitation and processing of heavy oil has become the focus of attention in petrochemical industry. However, the deep processing and utilization of heavy oil is affected by the internal high content of metals. In this paper, the sources and forms of metals in heavy oil and its harm to petroleum processing and utilization are introduced. Several commonly used methods of heavy oil demineralization at home and abroad are compared and analyzed. Although the process of membrane separation is simple, economical and environmentally friendly, the technology is not mature and difficult to meet the industrial application, the metal removal rate of catalytic hydrogenation process is high, but it is easily limited by hydrogen source and catalyst performance, and the industrial cost is high. The chemical method is easy to operate but has many side effects and pollutes the environment, the energy saving and consumption reduction of ultrasonic demineralization method is obvious, and the rate of demineralization is high, but how the large ultrasonic device is applied to industrial production still needs to be studied in depth. Microbiological method has little investment and strong adaptability, but it is difficult to screen suitable bacteria. In a word, due to the characteristics of heavy oil, it is difficult for single demineralization technology to achieve good results, and joint demineralization will become a trend.
【作者單位】： 中國石油大學(xué)(華東)化學(xué)工程學(xué)院重質(zhì)油加工國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【分類號(hào)】：TE624

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